The invention provides a production method for stabilizers which produces with high productivity in a compact production line, without tempering. The production method for stabilizers of the invention includes: forming a steel bar material containing at least C: 0.15 wt % to 0.39 wt %, Mn, B and Fe into a product shape by bending; and quenching the bent steel bar material in a medium having a heat transfer coefficient higher than or close to that of water.

A fluid end having a longitudinal bore less than about 36 inches in diameter has an internal surface that is cold-worked to have compressive stresses of at least 15 ksi (103.42 MPa) beneath the metal surface up to about 40 mils (1.016 mm).

A fluid end having a longitudinal bore less than about 36 inches in diameter has an internal surface that is cold-worked to have compressive stresses of at least 15 ksi (103.42 MPa) beneath the metal surface up to about 40 mils (1.016 mm).

A tool for cold-working a metal substrate of a longitudinal bore having a diameter less than about eight inches includes a deflector tip configured to direct accelerated shot having diameters on average not larger than 100 mils (2.54 mm) toward a surface of the metal substrate at an angle between about 70 degrees and about 85 degrees relative to the surface, thereby providing increased compressive stresses in the metal substrate.

A tool for cold-working a metal substrate of a longitudinal bore having a diameter less than about eight inches includes a deflector tip configured to direct accelerated shot having diameters on average not larger than 100 mils (2.54 mm) toward a surface of the metal substrate at an angle between about 70 degrees and about 85 degrees relative to the surface, thereby providing increased compressive stresses in the metal substrate.

Provided is a surface treatment method for dental zirconia, which includes sandblasting the surfaces of three types of dental zirconia (3Y-TZP, 4Y-PSZ and 5Y-PSZ) with alumina particles, and when sandblasting conditions are optimized for each type of zirconia, the microstructure destruction of a subsurface layer may be minimized and compressive stress may be reinforced by a phase change, thereby improving mechanical properties, and the penetration of resin cement through microcracks inhibits crack propagation and thus is advantageous in increasing bonding efficiency of dental zirconia. In addition, a dental article including dental zirconia made by the surface treatment method for zirconia, and clinically suitable sandblasting protocols are provided.

Provided is a surface treatment method for dental zirconia, which includes sandblasting the surfaces of three types of dental zirconia (3Y-TZP, 4Y-PSZ and 5Y-PSZ) with alumina particles, and when sandblasting conditions are optimized for each type of zirconia, the microstructure destruction of a subsurface layer may be minimized and compressive stress may be reinforced by a phase change, thereby improving mechanical properties, and the penetration of resin cement through microcracks inhibits crack propagation and thus is advantageous in increasing bonding efficiency of dental zirconia. In addition, a dental article including dental zirconia made by the surface treatment method for zirconia, and clinically suitable sandblasting protocols are provided.

Methods of strengthening surface regions of high-strength transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steel are provided. The method may comprise shot peening at least one region of an exposed surface of a hot-formed press-hardened component comprising a high-strength steel. Prior to shot peening, the component has a microstructure comprising ≧about 5% by volume retained austenite in a matrix of martensite. The shot peening is conducted at a temperature of <about 150° C. and forms at least one hardened surface region comprising ≦about 2% by volume austenite. The TRIP steel may be zinc-coated and having a surface coating comprising zinc and substantially free of liquid metal embrittlement (LME). Zinc-coated hot-formed press-hardened components, including automotive components, formed from such methods are also provided.

Methods of strengthening surface regions of high-strength transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steel are provided. The method may comprise shot peening at least one region of an exposed surface of a hot-formed press-hardened component comprising a high-strength steel. Prior to shot peening, the component has a microstructure comprising ≧about 5% by volume retained austenite in a matrix of martensite. The shot peening is conducted at a temperature of <about 150° C. and forms at least one hardened surface region comprising ≦about 2% by volume austenite. The TRIP steel may be zinc-coated and having a surface coating comprising zinc and substantially free of liquid metal embrittlement (LME). Zinc-coated hot-formed press-hardened components, including automotive components, formed from such methods are also provided.

A curvature retaining device (1) includes two support points (25a) that can abut against one surface of a plate-shaped workpiece W, one or more pressing points (40a) that can abut against a position of the other surface of the plate-shaped workpiece (W) between the support points (25a), and forward/backward drive means (support unit (23) and pressing unit (33)) for moving at least either the support points (25a) or the pressing points (40a) forward to and backward from the other. Preferably, the two support points (25a) abut against the one surface of the plate-shaped workpiece (W) at a first distance (Ls), the two pressing points (40a) abut against the other surface of the plate-shaped workpiece (W) at second distance (Lp) shorter than the first distance (Ls), and a middle point of the first distance (Ls) and a middle point of the second distance (Lp) match with each other.