Disclosed are devices, systems, apparatuses, methods, products, and other implementations of vapor pressure solids. In some embodiments, a vapor pressure solid may include a one- or multi-component matrix material. In some embodiments, the multi-components matrix material is a two-part PDMS comprising a first and second matrix material. The first matrix material is capable of being mixed with one or more vaporizable fluids that causes the first matrix material to swell. The second matrix material is capable of being mixed with the swelled first matrix material to produce an actuating material. When the actuating material is heated, the one or more vaporizable fluids expand, resulting in vapors. The increased pressure applied by the vapors causes the actuating material to expand.

Disclosed are devices, systems, apparatuses, methods, products, and other implementations of vapor pressure solids. In some embodiments, a vapor pressure solid may include a one- or multi-component matrix material. In some embodiments, the multi-components matrix material is a two-part PDMS comprising a first and second matrix material. The first matrix material is capable of being mixed with one or more vaporizable fluids that causes the first matrix material to swell. The second matrix material is capable of being mixed with the swelled first matrix material to produce an actuating material. When the actuating material is heated, the one or more vaporizable fluids expand, resulting in vapors. The increased pressure applied by the vapors causes the actuating material to expand.

A warpage reduction device the present disclosure includes a jig having a warped shape capable of distributing stress of a workpiece, a light source heating the workpiece so as to be flat, a pressurizer applying pressure to the heated workpiece to be pressed against the jig so as to be deformed, a cooler cooling the deformed workpiece, and a controller controlling operations of the light source, the pressurizer, and the cooler.

A warpage reduction device the present disclosure includes a jig having a warped shape capable of distributing stress of a workpiece, a light source heating the workpiece so as to be flat, a pressurizer applying pressure to the heated workpiece to be pressed against the jig so as to be deformed, a cooler cooling the deformed workpiece, and a controller controlling operations of the light source, the pressurizer, and the cooler.

A transparent multilayer film including a plurality of layers can include a polymer A layer comprising polymer A and a polymer B layer comprising polymer B adjacent to the polymer A layer. At least one of: a differential solubility parameter (.sub.AB) of polymer A towards polymer B can be equal to or less than 2.5 MPa.sup.1/2, or equal to or less than 2.21 MPa.sup.1/2; and a differential solubility parameter (.sub.AB) of polymer B towards polymer A can be equal to or less than 2.5 MPa.sup.1/2, or equal to or less than 2.2 MPa.sup.1/2.

A blister packaging machine includes: a pocket portion forming unit that forms a pocket portion having a bottom portion and a side portion, in a belt-like container film, and adjusts balance between a thickness of the bottom portion and a thickness of the side portion; an illumination device that is disposed on a downstream side of the pocket portion forming unit, and irradiates the pocket portion with an electromagnetic radiation; an imaging device that is disposed on a side opposite to the illumination device across the container film, and obtains transmitted image data based on the electromagnetic radiation transmitted through the pocket portion; a side portion state detector that detects a state of the thickness of the side portion based on the transmitted image data; and a controller that controls an operation of the pocket portion forming unit.

A blister packaging machine includes: a pocket portion forming unit that forms a pocket portion having a bottom portion and a side portion, in a belt-like container film, and adjusts balance between a thickness of the bottom portion and a thickness of the side portion; an illumination device that is disposed on a downstream side of the pocket portion forming unit, and irradiates the pocket portion with an electromagnetic radiation; an imaging device that is disposed on a side opposite to the illumination device across the container film, and obtains transmitted image data based on the electromagnetic radiation transmitted through the pocket portion; a side portion state detector that detects a state of the thickness of the side portion based on the transmitted image data; and a controller that controls an operation of the pocket portion forming unit.

A method of creating a selectively plated three-dimensional thermoplastic part. The method includes the steps of: a) providing a film of uncured polycarbonate film having a hardcoated layer on a first surface thereof; b) selectively catalyzing the polycarbonate film by depositing a catalyst in a desired pattern on the first surface of the polycarbonate film; c) thermoforming the polycarbonate film to form a three-dimensional polycarbonate film; d) UV-curing the hardcoated polycarbonate film by irradiating the film with UV rays; e) molding the hardcoated polycarbonate film to produce a three-dimensional molded part comprising the hardcoated polycarbonate film; f) activating the selectively catalyzed hardcoated polycarbonate film; and g) plating a metal layer on the catalyzed portions of the hardcoated polycarbonate film, wherein the plated metal only deposits on the catalyzed portions of the hardcoated polycarbonate film.

Heating apparatus and methods for forming a part with a non-planar shape include a table formed of a thermally conductive material and defining a table surface. A tool, also formed of a thermally conductive material, has a base surface configured to engage the table surface of the table and a tooling surface opposite the base surface, wherein the tooling surface has a contoured shape that is non-planar. A heating blanket is provided above the table and defines a heating surface. The tooling surface of the tool is configured to engage a first surface of the part and the heating surface of the heating blanket is configured to engage a second surface of the part opposite the first surface of the part. The table and the heating blanket are heated to a processing temperature so that the part at least partially conforms to the tooling surface of the tool.

Heating apparatus and methods for forming a part with a non-planar shape include a table formed of a thermally conductive material and defining a table surface. A tool, also formed of a thermally conductive material, has a base surface configured to engage the table surface of the table and a tooling surface opposite the base surface, wherein the tooling surface has a contoured shape that is non-planar. A heating blanket is provided above the table and defines a heating surface. The tooling surface of the tool is configured to engage a first surface of the part and the heating surface of the heating blanket is configured to engage a second surface of the part opposite the first surface of the part. The table and the heating blanket are heated to a processing temperature so that the part at least partially conforms to the tooling surface of the tool.