Provided are a laminate, a circuit board, and a liquid crystal polymer (LCP) film comprised therein. The laminate comprises a metal foil and an LCP film. The LCP film in the laminate has a dissipation factor before water absorption (Df′.sub.0), a dissipation factor after water absorption (Df′.sub.1), and a relative percentage difference between dissipation factors (ΔDf′), which is calculated by the following equation:

[00001]$\Delta .Math.D.Math.f^{\prime }.Math..Math.\left(\%\right)=\frac{.Math.{\mathrm{Df}}_1^{\prime }-D.Math.f_0^{\prime }.Math.}{D.Math.f_0^{\prime }}\times 1.Math.00.Math.\%;$

wherein ΔDf′ may be less than or equal to 16%.

By controlling ΔDf′ of the LCP film in the laminate, the insertion loss of a circuit board comprising a laminate during signal transmission in low-, medium-, and/or high-frequency bands is decreased and/or inhibited. In addition, the difference between the insertion losses of signal transmission before and after water absorption is decreased, so the laminate is suitable for high-end or outdoor high-frequency electronic products.

Provided are a liquid crystal polymer film (LCP film) and a laminate comprising the same. The LCP film has a first surface and a second surface opposite each other, and the first surface has an arithmetical mean height of a surface (Sa) less than 0.32 μm. The LCP film with proper Sa is suitable to be stacked with a metal foil, such that a laminate comprising the LCP film can have an advantage of low insertion loss.

Provided are a liquid crystal polymer (LCP) film and a laminate comprising the same. The LCP film has a first surface and a second surface opposite each other, and a Kurtosis (Rku) of the first surface ranges from 3.0 to 60.0. With the Rku, the LCP film is able to improve the peel strength with a metal foil and ensure that a laminate comprising the same maintains the merit of low insertion loss.

In some examples, manufacturing techniques for implantable medical devices are described. An example method may including positioning a metal housing component adjacent to a polymer housing component so that there is an interface between the metal housing component and the polymer housing component; and forming a seal at the interface between the metal housing component and the polymer housing component to join the metal housing component and the polymer housing component, wherein the joined metal housing component and the polymer housing component form at least a portion of housing for the implantable medical device, wherein the housing of the implantable medical device contains electronic circuitry.

A pair of thermoplastic resin members are placed on an anvil. A pressing force of a tool horn vibrating ultrasonically in a direction not perpendicular to but along upper surfaces of the pair of thermoplastic resin members is applied to the upper surfaces. The application of the pressing force of the tool horn vibrating ultrasonically allows melting of a vicinity of the upper surfaces of the pair of thermoplastic resin members. A welded structure part is formed on an unwelded structure part, thereby welding the pair of thermoplastic resin members as an overlap structure including the welded structure part arranged on the unwelded structure part. The distance and positional relationship between the pair of thermoplastic resin members after the welding are unchanged before and after the welding. The surfaces, placed on the anvil, of the thermoplastic resin members are neither burned nor discolored.

A method of ink-extrusion printing an object, including providing a mixture including liquid crystal monomers and photo-catalyzing or heating the mixture to produce a liquid crystal ink. The ink is in a nematic phase. The method includes extruding the ink through a print-head orifice moving along a print direction to faun an extruded film of the object. The extruded film exhibits birefringence. Also disclosed are a liquid crystal ink. The ink includes a mixture including liquid crystal monomers. The mixture when at a target printing temperature is in a nematic phase. Also disclosed is ink-extrusion-printed object. The object includes an extrusion-printed film including a nematic liquid crystal elastomer, wherein the film exhibits birefringence along an extrusion axis of the film.

A method of manufacturing an optical component having micro-structures is described. The method detects a crystallization temperature within a crystallization temperature interval for fully filling the molding material into a mold cavity to rapidly produce the optical element having a micro-structure with a large area.

A seal can include a body including a thermoplastic material and a filler material including a fluoropolymer. The fluoropolymer can include a modified fluoropolymer. The body can include an elongation-at-break of at least 3%. In an embodiment, the seal can include a seal ring, wherein the body of the seal ring can include a weld.

A method for manufacturing a metal-clad laminate sheet including forming a laminate sheet having the thermoplastic liquid crystal polymer film and the metal foil bonded together; and providing the laminate sheet with a heat treatment which satisfies conditions (1) and (2) below: (1) a heat treatment temperature ranges between 1° C. inclusive and 50° C. exclusive higher than a melting point of the thermoplastic liquid crystal polymer film. (2) a time for the heat treatment ranges from one second to 10 minutes.

A method of manufacturing a treated sheet includes preparing a resin layer composite including a resin sheet and a thermoplastic resin layer supported on one surface of the resin sheet, applying a dispersion liquid including a powdery thermoplastic resin raw material onto a surface of the thermoplastic resin layer opposite to the resin sheet, and fusing the thermoplastic resin raw material to the thermoplastic resin layer by irradiating, with light from a flash lamp, a coating of the thermoplastic resin raw material formed in the applying step. The thermoplastic resin raw material has a melting point higher than the glass transition point of a resin that is a primary material of the resin sheet.