A thermally expandable sheet includes: a first thermally expansive layer that is formed on one side of a base and contains a first thermally expandable material; and a second thermally expansive layer that is formed on the first thermally expansive layer and contains a second thermally expandable material, wherein the second thermally expandable material further contains white pigment.

A polyimide dry film including a carrier and a polyimide layer and a method of using the same are provided. The polyimide layer contains (a) a polyimide precursor or soluble polyimide and (b) a solvent. The solvent includes a hydrophilic solvent and a hydrophobic solvent and a weight ratio of the hydrophilic solvent to the hydrophobic solvent is in the range of about 0.05 to about 2. The polyimide dry film of the present invention has water absorbability, is relatively stable even in the presence of water, and has a non-sticky surface. The resulting polyimide has excellent physical properties and can be used in a process in which water or an aqueous solution is involved to form a coverlay with excellent physical properties.

A thermally expandable sheet includes: a first thermally expansive layer that is formed on one side of a base and contains a first thermally expandable material; and a second thermally expansive layer that is formed on the first thermally expansive layer and contains a second thermally expandable material, wherein the second thermally expandable material further contains white pigment.

A method for producing a sterilized oxygen-absorbing multilayer body is provided. The method may include:

irradiating with radiation an oxygen-absorbing multilayer body comprising at least an oxygen-absorbing layer containing a transition metal catalyst and a thermoplastic resin (a) having a tetralin ring as a structural unit and a layer containing a thermoplastic resin (b); and

heating the oxygen-absorbing multilayer body which has been irradiated with radiation in the sterilizing step at a temperature of the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic resin (a) minus 20 C. or more and lower than the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic resin (a) for 50 hours or more.

A composite tube includes a first layer including a cross-linked polyolefin elastomer, wherein the first layer is configured for fluid contact; and a second layer adjacent to the first layer, the second layer including an elastomer.

Methods of marking plastic-based products and marked plastic-based products are provided. Some methods include irradiating the product to alter the functionalization of the plastic.

The present invention provides an antifouling film that is excellent in antifouling properties, adhesion, rubbing resistance, and reliability, and reduces fingerprint emergence at high humidity. The antifouling film includes a substrate; and a polymer layer disposed on a surface of the substrate and including on a surface thereof an uneven structure provided with projections at a pitch not longer than a wavelength of visible light, the polymer layer being a cured product of a polymerizable composition, the polymerizable composition containing, in terms of active components, 20 to 90 wt % of a polyfunctional acrylate containing an ethylene oxide group, 5 to 25 wt % of a monofunctional amide monomer, and 0.5 to 10 wt % of a fluorine-based release agent, the polymerizable composition containing, in terms of active components, a total of 40 to 65 wt % of the ethylene oxide group in the polyfunctional acrylate and the monofunctional amide monomer.

The present invention provides a sheet, wherein the sheet has an excellent low-gloss feeling; even when oblique light is incident on a surface of the sheet, diffuse reflection of the light is suppressed, the surface is less likely to look white when viewed obliquely, and a design represented on the sheet can be visually recognized; and the sheet has excellent designability. In the sheet, a surface of the sheet has an arithmetic average roughness Ra (JIS B0633: 2001) of 0.7 m or less, and the reflectance at a detection angle equal to a regular reflection angle 5, measured by a variable angle photometer when the surface is irradiated with incident light at an incident angle of 75, is 50% or less of the reflectance at the regular reflection angle.

Devices and methods for producing sandwich composite materials having at least one layer of plastic disposed between at least two outer metallic covering layers may comprise providing at least two semifinished products coated with plastic on one side, activating at least one of the plastic-coated sides of the metallic covering layers directly from the side of the covering layer having the plastic-coating, and connecting the plastic-coated sides of the metallic covering layers to form the sandwich composite material. The activation of the plastic may be performed by way of a heat source that utilizes an activation medium, radiation, or plasma, for example.

Apparatus (1) for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects (2) by means of successive layerwise selective irradiation and consolidation of layers of a build material (3) which can be consolidated by means of an energy source (5), wherein a measurement beam source (4, 17) is provided which is adapted to generate a measurement beam (7), wherein a beam guiding unit (20) is provided that is adapted to guide the measurement beam (7) in the build plane (6) in the process chamber, wherein a determination device (8) is adapted to determine at least one parameter relating to the object (2) and/or a build material layer (9) based on interference.