A hot-dip galvanized steel sheet includes a base steel sheet and a hot-dip galvanized layer formed on at least one surface of the base steel sheet, in which the hot-dip galvanized layer includes Fe in a content of more than 0% to 5% or less, Al in a content of more than 0% to 1.0% or less, and columnar grains formed by a ζ phase on the surface of the steel sheet, further, 20% or more of the entire interface between the hot-dip galvanized layer and the base steel sheet is coated with the ζ phase, and a ratio of an interface formed between grains in which coarse oxides are present among grains and the base steel sheet with respect to the entire interface between the ζ phase and the base steel sheet in the hot-dip galvanized layer is 50% or less, the base steel sheet has predetermined chemical components and a refined layer in direct contact with the interface between the base steel sheet and the hot-dip galvanized layer, an average thickness of the refined layer is 0.1 to 5.0 μm, an average grain size of ferrite in the refined layer is 0.1 to 3.0 μm, one or two or more of oxides of Si and Mn are contained in the refined layer, and a maximum size of the oxide is 0.01 to 0.4 μm, and a volume fraction of residual austenite in a range of ⅛ thickness to ⅜ thickness centered at a position of ¼ thickness from the surface of the base steel sheet is 1% or more.

A composite material includes a metallic bottom flat element, a metallic top flat element, and an intermediate layer made of a thermosetting synthetic material and arranged between the bottom flat element and the top flat element. The intermediate layer includes three or more duromers, with at least one of the duromers being in a cured state and the other ones of the duromers being in an uncured state. The at least one of the duromers has a polymerization temperature between 50 and 100° C., with a second one of the other ones of the duromers having a polymerization temperature between 170 and 220° C. and a third one of the other ones of the duromers having a polymerization temperature between 230 and 260° C.

There is provided a hot-stamped body including: a steel base metal; and a metallic layer formed on a surface of the steel base metal, wherein the metallic layer includes: an interface layer that contains, in mass %, Al: 30.0 to 36.0%, has a thickness of 100 nm to 5 μm, and is located in an interface between the metallic layer and the steel base metal; and a principal layer that includes coexisting MgZn.sub.2 phases and insular FeAl.sub.2 phases, is located on the interface layer, and has a thickness of 3 μm to 40 μm.

A multi-material component joined by a high entropy alloy is provided, as well as methods of making a multi-material component by joining materials with high entropy alloys to reduce or eliminate liquid metal embrittlement (LME) cracks.

In one aspect, a method for manufacturing a roofing membrane may include steps of (a) providing a PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) layer, (b) applying a first adhesive layer to attach the PET layer to a first photochemistry reaction layer, (c) forming a combination layer by combining the layers in (b) with an aluminum layer, (d) attaching one side of a second photochemistry reaction layer to the combination layer in (c) through a second adhesive layer; and (e) applying a polymer layer on the other side of second photochemistry reaction layer. In one embodiment, the method for manufacturing a roofing membrane may further include a step (f) of heating the membrane formed in step (e) for 48 hours at 60° C.

Provided is a Low-E glass plate protection method capable of preventing or inhibiting Low-E layer alteration. The protection method includes a step of applying a protective sheet to a surface of a Low-E glass plate having a Low-E layer comprising a zinc component. Here, the protective sheet has a PSA layer. The Low-E layer comprises a zinc component. The PSA layer includes ammonia and an acid or acid salt capable of forming a counterion to an ammonium ion.

The present disclosure discloses an antimicrobial tape comprising a tape layer, a connection layer, and an antimicrobial layer. The connection layer is disposed on the tape layer, and the connection layer consists of angstrom-level silicon dioxide. The antimicrobial layer is disposed on the connection layer. The tape layer and the antimicrobial layer are connected by the connection layer consisting of angstrom-level silicon dioxide to increase the connection strength between the tape layer and the antimicrobial layer. The tape layer may be used to cover a surface of an object, and the antimicrobial layer is located on an outer surface. Therefore, after a user touching and using the object, the object has been sterilized through the antimicrobial layer of the antimicrobial tape.

The present disclosure provides electrolyte solutions for electrodeposition of zinc-manganese alloys, methods of forming electrolyte solutions, methods of electrodepositing zinc-manganese alloys, and multilayered zinc-manganese alloys. An electrolyte solution for electroplating can include a metal salt, boric acid, an alkali metal chloride, polyethylene glycol, and a hydroxy benzaldehyde. An electrolyte solution can be formed by dissolving a metal salt, boric acid, an alkali metal chloride, polyethylene glycol, and a hydroxy benzaldehyde in water or an aqueous solution. Electrodepositing zinc-manganese alloys on a substrate can include introducing a cathode and an anode into an electrolyte solution comprising a metal salt, boric acid, an alkali metal chloride, polyethylene glycol, and a hydroxy benzaldehyde. Electrodepositing can further include passing a current between the cathode and the anode through the electrolyte solution to deposit zinc and manganese onto the cathode.

A barrier film including a first layer formed of a semicovalent inorganic material and a second layer formed of an ionic inorganic material is provided. Here, the first layer and the second layer are alternately disposed. The barrier film having an improved moisture barrier property compared to a gas-barrier plastic composite film of the prior art manufactured using only a metal oxide or nitride may be provided.

There is provided a hot-stamped body including: a steel base metal; and a metallic layer formed on a surface of the steel base metal, wherein the metallic layer includes: an interface layer that contains, in mass %, Al: 30.0 to 36.0%, has a thickness of 100 nm to 15 μm, and is located in an interface between the metallic layer and the steel base metal; and a principal layer that includes coexisting Zn phases and insular FeAl.sub.2 phases, is located on the interface layer, and has a thickness of 1 μm to 40 μm. This hot-stamped body is excellent in fatigue properties, corrosion resistance, and chipping resistance.