Apparatuses of a biodegradable magnetic toilet seat cover and methods for manufacturing the same are provided. In one embodiment, a biodegradable magnetic toilet seat cover includes a bottom layer configured to contact with a toilet seat, where the bottom layer is made to prevent elements on the toilet seat from permeating to a skin of a user, a top layer configured to contact with the user, where the top layer is made to provide a comfortable touch to the skin of the user, and a middle layer configured to hold the bottom layer and the top layer together, where the middle layer is further configured to hold the biodegradable magnetic toilet seat cover to the toilet seat magnetically. The biodegradable magnetic toilet seat cover may additionally or optionally include an anti-splashing flap formed with polyvinyl alcohol or viscose spunlace non-woven film, and where the anti-splashing flap is configured to prevent elements from the toilet to reach the user.

Biodegradable composite membranes with antimicrobial properties consisting of nanocellulose fibrils, chitosan, and S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) were developed and tested for food packaging applications. Nitric oxide donor, SNAP was encapsulated into completely dispersed chitosan in 100 mL, 0.1N acetic acid and was thoroughly mixed with nanocellulose fibrils (CNF) to produce a composite membrane. The fabricated membranes had a uniform dispersion of chitosan and SNAP within the nanocellulose fibrils, which was confirmed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrographs and chemiluminescence nitric oxide analyzer. The membranes prepared without SNAP showed lower water vapor permeability than that of the membranes with SNAP. The addition of SNAP resulted in a decrease in the Young's modulus for both 2-layer and 3-layer membrane configurations. Antimicrobial property evaluation of SNAP incorporated membranes showed an effective zone of inhibition against bacterial strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes and demonstrated its potential applications for food packaging.

The present invention relates to a grown bioleather (1), which can be used in all sectors where animal skin and artificial leather are used, resembles a genuine leather both physically and optically, does not contain any chemicals, and has cellulose produced by microorganisms as its raw material and production method thereof. With the bioleather production method (100), a bioleather that can be named as vegan leather is obtained, which leather prevents climate change and environmental pollution by reducing carbon emissions and supports sustainable development and green economy. The said bioleather (1) involves a bacterial weaving process, can decompose in soil in a short amount of time, is highly environmentally friendly, flexible and has high tensile strength and high mechanical strength.

A method of making a wet friction material is provided. The method includes obtaining a base layer sheet; obtaining an outer layer sheet; and laminating the outer layer sheet and the base layer sheet together to form the wet friction material. The base layer sheet includes a proportion of first fiber material and a proportion of first filler material and the outer layer sheet includes a proportion of second fiber material and a proportion of second filler material. The proportion of second fiber material is less than the proportion of first fiber material and the proportion of second filler material is greater than the proportion of first filler material.

An interlayer structure having a cellulose ester layer for use in structural laminates is described herein. The cellulose ester layer provides rigidity and support to multilayer interlayers comprising an array of different layers. Due to the diverse properties of the cellulose ester layers, the present interlayers can be useful in producing structural laminates having high stiffness and which possess good optical clarity for a variety of applications, including outdoor structural applications.

An insulation composition including a biomass-derived polymer, a cellulose component, and a fire retardant applied to at least a portion of either or both of the biomass-derived polymer and the cellulose component. The biomass-derived polymer may be used to bind the cellulose component. The cellulose component may be fibers, cellulose dust, nanocrystalline structure, or a combination. The insulation composition may be formed into batts, assemblies, or boards. The insulation composition may be processed in the field by shredding to form loose fill insulation. The composition may be treated with one or more additives, including an expansion component selected to reduce the density of the composition.

Embodiments relates to an enhanced assembly for interior construction using wallboard mainly composed of Hempcrete unit which primarily reduces the carbon footprint associated with prior methods. The hempcrete wallboards may be affixed, joined, abutted, fashioned, finished and painted in the way common to all those skilled in the art.

There is provided a use of a material comprising fibers as an oxygen barrier, wherein the fibers comprise native cellulose and dialcohol cellulose. There is also provided a material comprising fibers and having a density of at least 1200 kg/m.sup.3, wherein the fibers comprise native cellulose and dialcohol cellulose and the oxygen permeability of the material according to ASTM D3985 is below 30 ml.Math.?m/(m.sup.2.Math.kPa.Math.24 h) at 23? C. and 80% relative humidity.

A combination of sheets can be combined into an ingestible unit. The individual sheets can be prepared to have one or more functionalities, such as providing a biologically active agent, disintegrating and opening the unit, controlling release of an agent, facilitating absorption from the GI tract, as well as many others. The individual sheets can be selectively identified for combining into a multifunctional ingestible unit with a random or predetermined arrangement or stacking pattern. The individual sheets can be loose in a capsule or laminated together into a stacked layered structure. The combination of sheets can be pressed, laminated, tableted, or otherwise prepared into an ingestible unit. The ingestible unit can be predetermined to be useful for administering a drug, drug combination, multi-drug regimen as well as tailored to subject-specific multi-drug therapeutic regimens. The sheets can be loaded with any type of agent ranging from drugs to anti-counterfeit agents.

Provided are garments that comprise thermally-conductive materials, the materials comprising a heat-collecting coating disposed on a fibrous base material having a thermally-conductive additive dispersed within. Also provided are methods of fabricating thermally-conductive garments.