Pneumatic vehicle tire of radial type of construction, in particular a commercial vehicle tire, having a belt assembly (3) made up of at least three plies (8, 9, 10), namely two working plies (8, 9) and a protective ply (10) arranged radially on the outside with respect to the working plies (8, 9), wherein the protective ply (10) has reinforcing members (11) made up of one or more twisted-together steel filaments (12), wherein the steel of the steel filaments (12) of the reinforcing members (11) of the protective ply (10) can be assigned to the strength class ST or to a higher strength class, wherein the strength class ST has a tensile strength in MPa of 3980-2000 d and the strength class UT has a tensile strength in MPa of 4400-2000 d, wherein d is the diameter of a steel filament in mm.

A resin-covered cord including n number of individual cords, disposed so as to be mutually spaced apart from each other, a covering resin that covers the cords, and an adhesive resin that is disposed between the cords and the covering resin and that has a greater tensile elastic modulus than the covering resin. Equation (1) below is satisfied, in which A is a total value of a width direction dimension of a portion where the cords and the adhesive resin are disposed, and B is a maximum value of a thickness direction dimension.

B<(A/n) (n≥1)  Equation (1)

A method of manufacturing a tire including a reinforcing cord continuously wound a plurality of times in a tire circumferential direction or wound in the tire circumferential direction while continuously extending in a tire width direction.

A preceding carcass cord from one feeding unit is used to form a carcass layer while being fed to a forming drum, and a leading edge portion of a next carcass cord is paid out from another feeding unit in advance. When a predetermined length of the preceding carcass cord is fed, a splice mechanism is used to join the leading edge portion of the next carcass cord to the preceding carcass cord to make the leading edge portion of the next carcass cord continuous with the preceding carcass cord. Then, with the next carcass cord fed to the forming drum, formation of the carcass layer is continued to complete the carcass layer.

The present invention relates to a steel cord for rubber reinforcement wherein a steel wire for steel cord has a plating layer of a ternary or quaternary alloy.

The steel wire for the steel cord of the present invention comprises a plating layer of Cu-M-Zn (M is one or two elements of Co, Ni, Cr, Mo, Al, In, or Sn) and has a concentration gradient in which the M content ratio in a region from the surface to ¼ of the plating layer is 40% or more compared with the M content ratio in the entire region of the plating layer, and the steel cord for rubber reinforcement is obtained by a manufacturing method comprising: performing sequential plating on a surface of a steel wire in the order of Cu.fwdarw.M.fwdarw.Zn; performing a primary diffusion, for concentration gradient of M, by subjecting the sequentially plated steel wire to high-frequency induction heating using 1-500 MHz; and performing a secondary diffusion, following the primary diffusion, by medium-frequency induction heating using 10-500 KHz.

A tungsten wire according one aspect of the present disclosure includes: a metal wire containing one of tungsten and a tungsten alloy; and a plating layer which covers a surface of the metal wire. The plating layer contains copper.

Technique to increase the endurance of tires comprising two crossed working layers (41, 42), comprising mutually parallel reinforcing elements (411, 421) forming, with the circumferential direction (XX′) of the tire, an angle at least equal to 20° and at most equal to 50°, the reinforcing elements being made up of individual metal threads or monofilaments having a cross section at least equal to 0.20 mm and at most equal to 0.6 mm. The end of the monofilaments comprises flats such that they reduce the shear forces in the rubber compounds of the tire under compressive loading.

A construction vehicle tire includes a carcass layer and a belt layer formed by six belts at an outer side of the carcass layer in a tire radial direction. A fourth belt arranged fourth from the carcass layer toward the outer side in the tire radial direction among the belt layer includes steel cords arranged along a predetermined direction. The steel cord includes one core strand having a two-layer-twisted structure in which a plurality of core filaments and a sheath filament forming a sheath are twisted, and a plurality of sheath strand twisted with the core strand, the sheath strand having a layer-twisted structure in which a plurality of steel filaments are twisted. A gap between the filaments is filled with a predetermined rubber material.

A two-layer multi-strand cord (60) comprises an internal layer (CI) of the cord made up of J>1 internal strands (TI) and an external layer (CE) of the cord made up of L>1 external strands (TE). The cord satisfies the relationship 95≤MC≤180, where MC=(J×MI+L×ME)/(J+L); MI=200×cos.sup.4(α)×[Q×(D1/2).sup.2×cos.sup.4(β)+P×(D2/2).sup.2×cos.sup.4(δ)+N×(D3/2).sup.2×cos.sup.4(γ)]/[Q×(D1/2).sup.2+P×(D2/2).sup.2+N×(D3/2).sup.2]; and ME=200×cos.sup.4(α′)×[Q′×(D1′/2).sup.2×cos.sup.4(ββ)+P′×(D2′/2).sup.2×cos.sup.4(δ′)+N′×(D3′/2).sup.2×cos.sup.4(γ′)]/[Q′×(D1′/2).sup.2+P′×(D2/2).sup.2+N′×(D3′/2).sup.2], where D1, D1′, D2, D2′, D3 and D3′ are in mm, α and α′ are the helix angle of each internal and external strand (TI), β and β′ are the helix angle of each internal thread (F1, F1′), δ and δ′ are the helix angle of each intermediate thread (F2, F2′) and γ and γ′ are the helix angle of each external thread (F3, F3′).

A pneumatic tire includes a belt layer and a carcass layer. A rubber composition for belts, constituting the belt layer, contains, per 100 parts by mass of a diene rubber containing a natural rubber, from 0.3 to 1.5 parts by mass of cobalt borate neodecanoate and from 4.5 to 7.0 parts by mass of sulfur. The dynamic storage modulus at 20° C. of the rubber composition for belts is from 13 to 18 MPa, and a ratio of a 100% tensile stress of the rubber composition for belts to a 100% tensile stress of a rubber composition for carcasses, constituting the carcass layer is from 1.5 to 2.5.

A tire includes a spiral belt layer and ring-shaped bands. The spiral belt layer is provided at the outer periphery side of a tire carcass member and is formed by a resin-coated cord wound in a helical shape. The bands are disposed at the tire diameter direction outer side of each of an end portion of the spiral belt layer at one side in the tire width direction and an end portion at the other side. Each band includes a belt-shaped member that is wound at least one full circumference in the tire circumference direction. The band is provided with an overlap portion that is specified with a larger number of layers of the belt-shaped member than other regions of the band in the circumference direction. The overlap portion is disposed at a circumference direction position that does not correspond with length direction end portions of the resin-coated cord.