A steering system, in particular for use in commercial vehicles, having a base body and a retaining element, wherein the base body has a contact surface on the base body side and the retaining element has a contact surface on the retaining side, wherein the base body has a bearing area for a pivotable suspension at its first distal end, wherein the contact surface on the base body side is arranged at the end of the base body opposite the first distal end, wherein the retaining element has a fastening section for fastening a spring element, wherein the retaining element can be fixed or is fixed to the base body by means of an adhesive introduced between the contact surface on the base body side and the contact surface on the retaining side, and/or wherein an axle body with a contact surface on the axle side is provided, wherein the base body can be fixed or is fixed to the axle body by means of an adhesive introduced between the contact surface on the base body side and the contact surface on the axle side, wherein the retaining element can be fixed or is fixed to the axle body by means of an adhesive introduced between the contact surface on the axle side and the contact surface on the retaining side.

A subframe according to an embodiment is a subframe that holds a suspension device and includes: a pair of side members extending in a front-back direction; a first cross member coupling the side members to connect the side members in a vehicle width direction; a second cross member disposed away from and behind the first cross member and coupling the side members to connect the side members in the vehicle width direction; a first vehicle body attachment point disposed further backward than the first cross member and formed to extend outward in the vehicle width direction from the side member; and a second vehicle body attachment point disposed further backward than the first vehicle body attachment point and formed to extend outward in the vehicle width direction from the side member, and a suspension arm extending from the suspension device is attached to the side member.

A subframe according to an embodiment is a subframe that holds a suspension device and includes: a pair of side members extending in a front-back direction; a first cross member coupling the side members to connect the side members in a vehicle width direction; a second cross member disposed away from and behind the first cross member and coupling the side members to connect the side members in the vehicle width direction; a first vehicle body attachment point disposed further backward than the first cross member and formed to extend outward in the vehicle width direction from the side member; and a second vehicle body attachment point disposed further backward than the first vehicle body attachment point and formed to extend outward in the vehicle width direction from the side member, and a suspension arm extending from the suspension device is attached to the side member.

An independently driving wheel module includes: a base frame including an upper end fixed to a coupling surface of a vehicle body, and a rotation part coupled to the upper end of the base frame such that the rotation part is rotatable with respect to the upper end of the base frame; a connection link including a first end integrally coupled to the rotation part, and a second end having a shape extending downward from the first end of the connection link; a driving wheel disposed at a side of the second end of the connection link and coupled to the second end of the connection link; and a rotation plate including an upper and lower surfaces extending obliquely in misaligned directions, the rotation plate being interposed between the base frame and the vehicle body so as to be rotatable with respect to the base frame or the vehicle body.

A suspension includes a housing, links, a radius arm, and a radius arm bush. The radius arm bush is provided on a front end of the radius arm, couples the radius arm to a vehicle body, with an elastic body in between, and is disposed vehicle-widthwise inwardly of a wheel center contact point of the rear wheel. The radius arm bush has higher rigidity with respect to turn of the radius arm with respect to the vehicle body in a direction in which an underside of the radius arm is displaced vehicle-widthwise outwardly from an upside of the radius arm, than rigidity with respect to turn of the radius arm with respect to the vehicle body in a direction in which the underside of the radius arm is displaced vehicle-widthwise inwardly from the upside of the radius arm.

An off-road vehicle includes a frame; front and rear wheels; a front suspension assembly; a front torsion bar assembly, a rear suspension assembly and a rear torsion bar assembly. The front suspension assembly comprises a front lower rocker arm, a front upper rocker arm, and a front wheel shaft support assembly mounted between the front lower and the front upper rocker arms. The front torsion bar assembly is located above the front upper rocker arm, and is movably connected to the front upper rocker arm. The rear suspension assembly comprises a rear lower rocker arm, a rear upper rocker arm, a control arm assembly, and a rear wheel shaft support assembly mounted between the rear lower and rear upper rocker arms. The rear torsion bar assembly is located between the rear upper and lower rocker arms, and is movably connected to the rear upper rocker arm.

An off-road vehicle includes a frame; front and rear wheels; a front suspension assembly; a front torsion bar assembly, a rear suspension assembly and a rear torsion bar assembly. The front suspension assembly comprises a front lower rocker arm, a front upper rocker arm, and a front wheel shaft support assembly mounted between the front lower and the front upper rocker arms. The front torsion bar assembly is located above the front upper rocker arm, and is movably connected to the front upper rocker arm. The rear suspension assembly comprises a rear lower rocker arm, a rear upper rocker arm, a control arm assembly, and a rear wheel shaft support assembly mounted between the rear lower and rear upper rocker arms. The rear torsion bar assembly is located between the rear upper and lower rocker arms, and is movably connected to the rear upper rocker arm.

A suspension system configured to sit substantially within the profile of a vehicle platform such that none of the elements extend substantially above the plane of the vehicle platform. The suspension system may utilize an adaptable transverse leaf spring in combination with other suspension elements, to allow the vehicle platform to maintain a generally flat profile and accommodate a variety of different body like structures while maintaining the desired roll and ride stability stiffness.

A suspension system configured to sit substantially within the profile of a vehicle platform such that none of the elements extend substantially above the plane of the vehicle platform. The suspension system may utilize an adaptable transverse leaf spring in combination with other suspension elements, to allow the vehicle platform to maintain a generally flat profile and accommodate a variety of different body like structures while maintaining the desired roll and ride stability stiffness.

A suspension includes a housing, a radius arm, a radius arm bush, and a shock absorber. Inclination angles θ1 and θ2 satisfy ΔF.Math.tan θ2>M.Math.tan θ1, in which: θ1 is an inclination angle at which a straight line coupling the center of the radius arm bush to the center of a rear wheel is inclined to a horizontal line, to lower toward the rear wheel, viewed from a side of the vehicle in a steady state; θ2 is an inclination angle at which an axis of expansion and shrink of the shock absorber is inclined to a vertical direction, to allow the shock absorber's upper end to more forward from the shock absorber's lower end; M is an unsprung mass of the suspension; and ΔF is an amount of increase in a vertical load on the rear wheel from the steady state during a shrinkwise stroke of the shock absorber.