A vehicle is provided. The vehicle includes: a chassis including a chassis body and chassis modular units; at least one driving unit arranged in at least one of the chassis modular units, and configured to provide a driving force to at least a pair of wheels; and suspension systems. The chassis body is of an elongate shape in a first direction of the vehicle. A cockpit is arranged in the chassis body. The chassis modular units are connected to the chassis body in series in the first direction, and arranged at first and second ends of the chassis body in the first direction. Each chassis modular unit is connected to a corresponding pair of wheels through a corresponding suspension system.

A method of on-demand energy delivery to an active suspension system is disclosed. The suspension system includes an actuator body, a hydraulic pump, an electric motor, a plurality of sensors, an energy storage facility, and a controller. The method includes disposing an active suspension system in a vehicle between a wheel mount and a vehicle body, detecting a wheel event requiring control of the active suspension; and sourcing energy from the energy storage facility and delivering it to the electric motor in response to the wheel event.

A method of on-demand energy delivery to an active suspension system is disclosed. The suspension system includes an actuator body, a hydraulic pump, an electric motor, a plurality of sensors, an energy storage facility, and a controller. The method includes disposing an active suspension system in a vehicle between a wheel mount and a vehicle body, detecting a wheel event requiring control of the active suspension; and sourcing energy from the energy storage facility and delivering it to the electric motor in response to the wheel event.

A bump cap includes: a tubular main body part; and three or more protrusions provided at different positions in a circumferential direction of an inner circumference of the main body part. A plurality of protrusions are press-fit protrusions having a radial height higher than a radial height of the other protrusions, and the number of the press-fit protrusions are smaller than the number of the other protrusions, and the bump cap is configured to be mounted on an outer circumference of an outer shell of a shock absorber in state where the press-fit protrusions are pushed against the outer circumference of the outer shell.

An electric vehicle includes a suspension and powertrain unit having a vehicle frame module, an electric motor unit carried by the frame module centrally between two wheels and a suspension including, for each wheel, an upper oscillating arm and a lower oscillating arm carrying a respective wheel support. Each wheel support rotatably supports a respective wheel hub connected to the electric motor unit by a respective drive shaft. Brake discs are mounted on two output shafts of the electric motor unit, at a distance from the respective wheels, and are connected by drive shafts to the hubs of the two wheels. Thanks to the absence of brake discs adjacent to the wheel hubs, swivel joints connecting each wheel support to the respective upper and lower arms can be arranged so as to define a steering axis passing through a respective wheel center and thereby having a substantially zero kingpin offset.

A strut assembly including a reservoir tube that extends about and along a center axis and has an interior surface and defines a chamber. A bearing sleeve is disposed in the chamber of the reservoir tube and extends about and along the center axis between a proximal end and a distal end. The bearing sleeve presents an inner surface and an outer surface. A damper body tube is disposed in the bearing sleeve and is moveable relative to the bearing sleeve. A piston assembly is disposed in the damper body tube. The outer surface of the bearing sleeve has a tubular portion and a protrusion portion that extends radially outwardly relative to the tubular portion and annularly and providing an interference fit between the outer surface of the bearing sleeve and the interior surface of the reservoir tube.

A method of on-demand energy delivery to an active suspension system is disclosed. The suspension system includes an actuator body, a hydraulic pump, an electric motor, a plurality of sensors, an energy storage facility, and a controller. The method includes disposing an active suspension system in a vehicle between a wheel mount and a vehicle body, detecting a wheel event requiring control of the active suspension; and sourcing energy from the energy storage facility and delivering it to the electric motor in response to the wheel event.

A hydraulic port protection plug for insertion into a hydraulic port in a shock absorber assembly, where the hydraulic port protection plug comprises a cap portion with a disc-shaped end wall and a tubular body that extends from the cap portion to define an open-ended cavity. The open-ended cavity extends within the tubular body of the hydraulic port protection plug and is bounded at one end by the cap portion. A self-closing pressure relief opening extends through the cap portion and is arranged in fluid communication with the open-ended cavity. At least a portion of the cap portion is made of an elastic material that permits the self-closing pressure relief opening to open and close in response to pressure changes.

A suspension device for a non-steered driving wheel including a wheel carrier having an in-wheel motor incorporated therein for driving the driving wheel, and a suspension arm pivotally supported on a vehicle body and connected to the wheel carrier by a connecting structure. The connecting structure includes a plate member fixed to the wheel carrier by fastening and a pair of elastic bushing devices attached to the plate member. The suspension arm has an open cross sectional portions for receiving portions of the plate member and the elastic bushing devices, and the elastic bushing devices are fixed to the open cross sectional portions at both ends.

A ball joint is disclosed. The ball joint comprises: a ball stud comprising a ball; a bearing supporting the ball of the ball stud by surrounding same; a case bushing accommodating the bearing and one portion of the ball stud; a ball joint mounting case made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), accommodating the case bushing and coupling to a suspension arm; and a case cap accommodated inside the case bushing.