A method for managing electrical Key Off Load (KOL) and other potentially damaging operational conditions in a vehicle while in a neutral mode setting, comprising: determining a vehicle drivetrain is in the neutral mode setting; determining an operational characteristic that changes with time while the vehicle is in the neutral mode setting; performing, via a vehicle control module and based on the neutral mode setting and the operational characteristic, vehicle actions comprising engaging an automated start powertrain activation while the vehicle is in the neutral mode setting.

A relay diagnosis apparatus includes a first voltage detection circuit to generate first and second diagnosis voltages between positive and negative electrode terminals of a battery assembly and a chassis, respectively; and a controller to determine first and second insulation resistances between the positive and negative electrode terminals and the chassis, respectively, based on the first and second diagnosis voltages at first and second time points while respective relays are controlled into an off-state. The controller determines third and fourth insulation resistances between the positive and negative electrode terminals and the chassis, respectively, based on the first and second diagnosis voltages at third and fourth time points while the first and second relays are controlled into an on-state. The controller detects relay faults based on the insulation resistances.

A thermal system for a vehicle includes a high temperature coolant loop thermally coupled to a heater core, a low temperature coolant loop thermally coupled to at least one of an electric motor and power electronics, and a first four-way valve configured to selectively fluidly couple the high temperature coolant loop and the low temperature coolant loop such that coolant heated by the electric motor and/or the power electronics is directed to the heater core to facilitate heating of an airflow passing thereby.

A system for restricting power to a load to prevent engaging a circuit protection device for an electric aircraft includes an energy source. The energy source is communicatively coupled to a load, wherein the load includes a portion of a propulsion system. The system includes sensors configured to sense an electrical parameter. The system includes an aircraft controller communicatively connected to the energy source, wherein the aircraft controller is configured to receive an electrical parameter, compare the electrical parameter to a current allocation threshold, detect that the electrical parameter has reached a current allocation threshold, generate a current allocation threshold notification as a function of the detection, wherein the current allocation threshold notification indicates that the electrical parameter has reached the current allocation threshold.

In order to ensure particularly good protection of individuals in an electromagnetic transport system, a safety area is provided in a transport area. Furthermore, a safety function is provided which, in accordance with a predetermined safety requirement level, ensures that the transport unit reaches the safety area at a speed less than or equal to a safety speed and/or with a transport unit force less than or equal to a safety force and/or a transport unit energy less than or equal to a safety energy, or prevents the transport unit from reaching the safety area.

A vehicle control apparatus includes a first traveling motor, a second traveling motor, and a control system. The first traveling motor is coupled to a first wheel of a vehicle. The second traveling motor is coupled to a second wheel of the vehicle. The control system is configured to decrease a power running torque of the first traveling motor and increase a power running torque of the second traveling motor in a case where a first distance from the vehicle to a contact predicted spot or a contact object is less than a first threshold during traveling of the vehicle, and increase a regenerative torque of the first traveling motor and increase a regenerative torque of the second traveling motor in a case where a second distance from the vehicle to the contact object is less than a second threshold that is less than the first threshold during the traveling.

A discharge apparatus for an electrical drive arrangement of a vehicle, having an input interface, having an output interface, having a main switching device, wherein the main switching device is connected to the input interface, having a first discharge branch, wherein a first input of the first discharge branch is connected to the main switching device, having a second discharge branch, and having a control device, wherein the control device is designed to connect the first discharge branch in a first discharge state of the discharge apparatus and to connect the second discharge branch in a second discharge state.

A control unit for a vehicle. The control unit includes: interfaces for the connection to two independently redundant communication networks, messages to and from the control unit being transferrable via a second communication network, and vice versa, in the event of a failure of a first communication network; and interfaces for the electrical supply of the control unit via two independently redundant low-voltage networks. it being possible to electrically supply the control unit via a second low-voltage network, and vice versa, in the event of an error in a first low-voltage network.

A power supply system 1 includes: first power lines (21p, 21n) to which a first battery (B1) is connected; second power lines (31p, 31n) to which a second battery (B2) is connected; a voltage converter (5) which converts voltage; a power converter which converts electric power; a management ECU (71) and converter ECU (73) which operates the voltage converter (5); a smoothing capacitor connected to the first power lines (21p, 21n); and a motor ECU (72) which executes system interruption processing of determining the existence of failure of the contactors (22m, 22s, 32m, 32s) based on a change in voltage of the smoothing capacitor. The management ECU (71) and converter ECU (73) operate the voltage converter (5) so that a state in which the static voltage of the first battery (B1) is higher by at least the determination potential difference than the static voltage of the second battery (B2).

A device monitors an on-board power supply system having different on-board system components and operated by way of a machine-learned power management system. The device includes a reference unit which is designed, for a state of the on-board power supply system and for an action effected on the basis of the state of the power management system, to determine a reference reward which would be produced during operation of a reference on-board system. Furthermore, the device includes a reward unit which is designed, for the state and for the action, to determine an actual reward which is produced during operation of the on-board power supply system. The device further includes a monitoring unit, which is designed to monitor the on-board power supply system on the basis of the actual reward and on the basis of the reference reward.