A dynamic safe state control circuit is disclosed that controls an electrical motor based on vehicle speed. A microcontroller or other processing device is configured to control an inverter system of an electrical motor. The dynamic safe state control circuit is configured to receive a first signal that corresponds to a speed of the electric motor. The circuit is configured to activate any one of a plurality of safe states in the inverter system based on the first signal and in response to a malfunction in the microcontroller.

A dynamic safe state control circuit is disclosed that controls an electrical motor based on vehicle speed. A microcontroller or other processing device is configured to control an inverter system of an electrical motor. The dynamic safe state control circuit is configured to receive a first signal that corresponds to a speed of the electric motor. The circuit is configured to activate any one of a plurality of safe states in the inverter system based on the first signal and in response to a malfunction in the microcontroller.

An electric assist system usable for an electric assist bicycle includes an electric motor that generates assist power assisting human power of a rider of the electric assist bicycle, a rotation sensor that outputs a signal in accordance with a rotation of a rotatable component that rotates to operate the electric assist bicycle, an acceleration sensor that outputs a signal in accordance with an acceleration of the electric assist bicycle in a traveling direction thereof, and a controller that calculates a speed of the electric assist bicycle based on an output signal of the rotation sensor and an output signal of the acceleration sensor.

An electric assist system usable for an electric assist bicycle includes an electric motor that generates assist power assisting human power of a rider of the electric assist bicycle, a rotation sensor that outputs a signal in accordance with a rotation of a rotatable component that rotates to operate the electric assist bicycle, an acceleration sensor that outputs a signal in accordance with an acceleration of the electric assist bicycle in a traveling direction thereof, and a controller that calculates a speed of the electric assist bicycle based on an output signal of the rotation sensor and an output signal of the acceleration sensor.

In various embodiments, methods, systems, and vehicle apparatuses are provided. A method for implementing torque control using a Neural Network (NN) for a torque prediction model to receive a set of measured vehicle operating inputs associated with torque prediction; substituting a set of multiple independent variables into the torque prediction model so that the NN is then taking the form of a simplified pseudo-NN that contains a reduced variable set of one independent variable; processing, the set of measured vehicle operating inputs by the pseudo-NN based on the NN prediction model by using only one independent variable in a pseudo-NN's simplified mathematical expression; and solving for at least one root of the pseudo-NN's simplified mathematical expression by obtaining a root value without having to rely on an inversion operation of a mathematical expression that consists of an entire set of independent variables.

In various embodiments, methods, systems, and vehicle apparatuses are provided. A method for implementing torque control using a Neural Network (NN) for a torque prediction model to receive a set of measured vehicle operating inputs associated with torque prediction; substituting a set of multiple independent variables into the torque prediction model so that the NN is then taking the form of a simplified pseudo-NN that contains a reduced variable set of one independent variable; processing, the set of measured vehicle operating inputs by the pseudo-NN based on the NN prediction model by using only one independent variable in a pseudo-NN's simplified mathematical expression; and solving for at least one root of the pseudo-NN's simplified mathematical expression by obtaining a root value without having to rely on an inversion operation of a mathematical expression that consists of an entire set of independent variables.

An all-wheel-drive electric vehicle includes one or more front electric motors, one or more rear electric motors, an accelerator sensor, a vehicle speed sensor, and a control unit. The one or more front electric motors are configured to directly drive front wheels. The one or more rear electric motors are configured to directly drive rear wheels. The accelerator sensor is configured to determine an operation amount of an accelerator. The vehicle speed sensor is configured to determine vehicle speed. The control unit is configured to control drive of the one or more front and rear electric motors based on the operation amount of the accelerator and the vehicle speed. The control unit is configured to change an allocation of driving force between the one or more front electric motors and the one or more rear electric motors with a bias toward the rear wheels in a case where the operation amount of the accelerator is increased at or above a predetermined rate in a state in which the vehicle speed is higher than or equal to a predetermined speed.

An all-wheel-drive electric vehicle includes one or more front electric motors, one or more rear electric motors, an accelerator sensor, a vehicle speed sensor, and a control unit. The one or more front electric motors are configured to directly drive front wheels. The one or more rear electric motors are configured to directly drive rear wheels. The accelerator sensor is configured to determine an operation amount of an accelerator. The vehicle speed sensor is configured to determine vehicle speed. The control unit is configured to control drive of the one or more front and rear electric motors based on the operation amount of the accelerator and the vehicle speed. The control unit is configured to change an allocation of driving force between the one or more front electric motors and the one or more rear electric motors with a bias toward the rear wheels in a case where the operation amount of the accelerator is increased at or above a predetermined rate in a state in which the vehicle speed is higher than or equal to a predetermined speed.

Aspects of the present invention relate to a method and to a control system for controlling movement of a vehicle to provide vehicle creep, the vehicle comprising an engine and an electric traction motor, the control system comprising one or more controllers, wherein the control system is configured to: while a torque path between the engine and a first set of vehicle wheels is disconnected, control the electric traction motor to provide tractive torque to a second set of vehicle wheels to automatically move the vehicle to provide electric vehicle creep, wherein the electric vehicle creep is controlled by a mathematical model of engine creep torque that would be provided by the engine when the torque path between the engine and the first set of vehicle wheels is connected.

A series-hybrid vehicle includes an internal combustion engine for electric power generation and a motor generator for travelling. The internal combustion engine is cooled by a second coolant water circuit that has a main radiator. A first coolant water circuit having a sub radiator is used to cool a front wheel-side power train cooling part, a rear wheel-side power train cooling part, a water-cooled condenser, and a low temperature-side intercooler. When the vehicle is accelerating, an electrical compressor for an air conditioner comes to a stop, and the circulation of refrigerant to the water-cooled condenser is brought to a halt.