An endoscope includes an insertion portion, a raising base, an operation portion, a long member configured to cause the raising base to operate, a moving mechanism configured to allow the long member to be inserted through an inside, and move in an axial direction along the long member, a fixing tool that is attachable and detachable to and from the moving mechanism, and is configured to fix the moving mechanism and the long member by being attached to the moving mechanism, and an urging member that is disposed to contact the moving mechanism and the fixing tool, is set in a direction to separate the moving mechanism and the fixing tool from each other, is configured to push the moving mechanism by bringing the fixing tool close to the moving mechanism, and has an urging force with a strength that moves the moving mechanism to a predetermined position.

Disclosed embodiments include apparatuses, systems, and methods for positioning electrodes within a body. In an illustrative embodiment, an apparatus for slidably moving multiple features relative to a sheath inserted into a body and positioned relative to a reference point includes a primary actuator configured to move a primary electrode, a secondary actuator configured to move a secondary electrode, and a control mechanism. The control mechanism is configured to selectively prevent movement of at least one of the primary actuator based on a position of the secondary actuator and of the secondary actuator based on a position of the primary actuator and lock positions of the primary actuator and the secondary actuator.

An endoscope adaptor according to an embodiment may include: an endoscope holder configured to hold an endoscope to be rotatable; and a base portion including an attachment portion, a driven member, and a transmission mechanism. The base portion includes a cable holder configured to hold a cable connected to the endoscope.

An operation switching mechanism includes a wire, a reciprocating movement member, a first biasing member, a second biasing member, switching members configured to switch states in which the first biasing member and the second biasing member perform biasing, and an operation member configured to operate the switching members according to operation from an outside and move the reciprocating movement member to a first movement position or a second movement position.

An adapter for endoscopy can operably connect camera features and light source features of a portable electronic device with a respective viewfinder and illumination element of a medical endoscope. Systems including an endoscope, adapter, and handheld electronic device with a microphone, light source, and camera can, when connected, be used to perform stroboscopic endoscopic examinations.

A control system for a capsule endoscope is provided. The control system includes a balance arm device, a mechanical arm, a permanent magnet and a 2-DOF rotary platform. The bottom of the balance arm device is fixed, and the active end of the balance arm device connects with a boom. The bottom of the mechanical arm is fixed, and the active end of the mechanical arm connects with a spherical hinge. The 2-DOF rotary platform is fixed below the boom and the permanent magnet is located in the 2-DOF rotary platform. The spherical hinge connects to the boom, assisting the permanent magnet to move around a fan-shaped area around a subject.

An image processing device includes a processor including hardware, the processor being configured to execute: estimating an operation state of a medical apparatus in a lumen of a subject based on information sequentially input from the medical apparatus, the medical apparatus including an imaging device, and an insertion portion inserted into the lumen, and the information including at least an intraluminal image obtained by the imaging device capturing an image inside the lumen; and performing processing corresponding to the operation state of the medical apparatus in the lumen based on an estimation result.

A connector unit includes a connector cap and a camera-side cable connector. The connector cap includes a connection portion that movably connects the connector cap to the camera-side cable connector. The camera-side cable connector includes a first groove in which a protruding section of the connection portion is movably disposed.

Methods and systems for image-based guidance in deep-brain stimulation. An endoscope system includes a waveguide tube, a right-angle prism, a light source, and a photoacoustic transducer. Light from the light source propagates along the length of the waveguide tube via internal reflection within the wall. The right-angle prism is positioned to redirect light emitted at a distal end of the waveguide tube in a direction perpendicular to the length of the waveguide tube. Light emitted in the perpendicular direction causes soundwaves to be generated by the surrounding tissue via photoacoustic effect. Those soundwaves are then conducted through the interior channel of the waveguide tube from the distal end of the waveguide tube to a proximal end of the waveguide tube where the soundwaves are detected by the photoacoustic transducer, which is acoustically coupled to the interior channel of the waveguide tube at the proximal end of the waveguide tube.

An image pickup apparatus includes: an image pickup device including a light receiving surface, an opposite surface, and an inclined surface inclined at a first angle, and provided with light receiving surface electrodes on the light receiving surface; a cover glass; and a wiring board including a first main surface and a second main surface, and including wires each connected with each of the light receiving surface electrodes, back surfaces of the light receiving surface electrodes are exposed to a side of the opposite surface, distal end portions of the wires are flying leads bent at a second angle in a relation of a supplementary angle to the first angle and connected with the light receiving surface electrodes, and the second main surface at a distal end portion of the wiring board is directly fixed to the opposite surface arranged in parallel with the second main surface.