This disclosure relates to instruments and methods of performing an endoscopy. An endoscope for producing images of a surgery in vivo may include a hub and an imaging rod extending from the hub, the imaging rod being configured to direct the light to an imaging sensor located adjacent to a distal end of the imaging rod, the hub and the imaging rod being attached to form an assembly having a center of mass established distally of the hub. In other implementations, the hub may be omitted.

The present disclosure relates generally to the field of medical devices. In particular, the present disclosure relates to valve configurations providing sealable access for medical instruments to a working channel, such as a working channel for an endoscope.

An endoscope treatment tool includes a sheath and an incision device. The sheath includes a distal end portion having a first channel. The first channel extends internal to the distal end portion between a distal opening at a distal end surface of the distal end portion and a proximal opening at a main flow chamber. The incision device is inserted in the first channel and includes a second channel extending between a distal end of the incision device and a proximal end of the incision device. The endoscope treatment tool is switchable between a first mode and a second mode. In the first mode, a first path for fluid is formed between the main flow chamber and the first channel. In the second mode, a second path for fluid is formed between the main flow chamber and the second channel.

An automatic detection of surgical instruments with respect to a type and a location thereof is provided with a detection system, which includes at least two surgical instruments, which each include at least one cavity extending along a longitudinal axis of the instrument and a proximal entry region to the cavity. An angle of the proximal entry region in relation to the longitudinal extension of the cavity is different in the two instruments. A sensor unit includes two electromagnetic sensors and is insertable into the cavity. One of the sensors extends axially in the cavity, and the other sensor is arranged in the entry region. A field generator generates an electromagnetic field. An analysis unit analyzes signals transmitted by the sensors to the analysis unit in accordance with the location thereof in the field of the field generator.

A slider is provided. A slider of the present disclosure includes a slider body disposed to be movable in a linear direction relative to a surgical instrument, and two holders disposed on the slider body for holding ends of a wire between the two holders to retain the wire in an annular shape. At least a first holder of the two holders is provided with an insertion hole for inserting and passing the ends of the wire toward an outside from between the two holders.

A catheter with a distal end that rotates through the conversion of linear motion to rotational motion, thus the distal end may be rotated without longitudinally advancing or retracting the distal end. The catheter includes a tube with a single helix or a dual chirality helix cut into the tube, a distal end segment, means for linear displacement of the helix, and means for coupling the junction point of the helix to the distal segment.

Biopsy caps and seals, and methods for making and using the same may be provided in conjunction with an endoscope assembly. A seal may include a main body including a circumferential outer wall surrounding a central lumen. The seal may include at least one support wall extending radially from the outer wall towards a center of the lumen, and at least one helical flap extending from the support wall helically downward along an inner surface of the outer wall, where the at least one helical flap defines an opening at the center of the lumen. The seal may alternatively include a plurality of projections extending radially inward from the outer wall towards a center of the lumen, where the plurality of projections are arranged in a series of circumferentially and angularly offset layers.

A medical system comprises: an endoscope comprising a joint; and a drive device that generates a driving force that bends the joint. The endoscope comprises a first tube comprising the joint, a second tube, a connecting portion that rotatably connects the first tube and the second tube about a rotation axis extending in longitudinal direction of the endoscope, and an attachment or detachment portion that connects the second tube and the drive device so that the driving force can be transmitted. The drive device bends the joint by transmitting the driving force to the joint via the second tube, the connecting portion, and the first tube.

A medical system includes an endoscope configured to include an insertion portion inserted into a body cavity, a drive device configured to be detachably connected to the endoscope and electrically drive the endoscope, and a controller configured to be communicably connected to the drive device and to which an operation for electrically driving the endoscope is input, in which the insertion portion includes a first joint and a second joint configured to be independently driven and controlled by the drive device based on the operation input to the controller.

An endoscope system includes: an endoscope including an insertion portion having a joint and first and second wires fixed on both sides of the joint; a drive device that is connected to the endoscope and bends the joint by driving the first and second wires; and a processor that controls the drive device. The processor can perform position control that controls traction amount or delivery amount of one of the first and second wires based on target position for bending the joint, and tension control that controls traction amount or delivery amount so that tension of the other of the first and second wires matches a specified set value, and execute a drive mode in which one of the first and second wires is controlled by the position control and the other of the first and second wires is controlled by the tension control.