A laminated glass according to the present invention includes: a first glass plate having a rectangular shape, and including a first side and a second side opposing the first side; a second glass plate arranged opposing the first glass plate, and having substantially the same shape as the shape of the first glass plate; an intermediate film arranged between the first glass plate and the second glass plate; a first bus bar extending along an end portion closer to the first side; a second bus bar extending along an end portion closer to the second side; and a plurality of heating lines extending so as to connect the first bus bar and the second bus bar to each other, wherein at least some of the plurality of heating lines are heating lines having different lengths.

A laminated glass according to the present invention includes: a first glass plate having a rectangular shape, and including a first side and a second side opposing the first side; a second glass plate arranged opposing the first glass plate, and having substantially the same shape as the shape of the first glass plate; an intermediate film arranged between the first glass plate and the second glass plate; a first bus bar extending along an end portion closer to the first side; a second bus bar extending along an end portion closer to the second side; and a plurality of heating lines extending so as to connect the first bus bar and the second bus bar to each other, wherein at least some of the plurality of heating lines are heating lines having different lengths.

A method of controlling an automotive heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system includes steps of: comparing, by a controller, a voltage applied to a mode door actuator with a first operating voltage, a second operating voltage, and a third operating voltage when a driving condition of a vehicle meets an external condensation occurrence condition; and controlling, by the controller, a defrost mode door to close a defrost outlet or adjust an opening degree of the defrost outlet to be less than a reference opening degree when the voltage applied to the mode door actuator is greater than or equal to the first operating voltage, where the defrost outlet directs air toward a front windshield, and the reference opening degree is an opening degree of the defrost outlet which has been set when the driving condition of the vehicle does not meet the external condensation occurrence condition.

Multilayer metallo-dielectric energy control coatings are disclosed in which one or more layers are formed from a hydrogenated metal nitride dielectric, which may be hydrogenated during or after dielectric deposition. Properties of the multilayer coating may be configured by appropriately tuning the hydrogen concentration (and/or the spatial profile thereof) in one or more hydrogenated metal nitride dielectric layers. One or more metal layers of the multilayer coating may be formed on a hydrogenated nitride dielectric layer, thereby facilitating adhesion of the metal with a low percolation threshold and enabling the formation of thin metal layers that exhibit substantial transparency in the visible spectrum. Optical properties of the coating may be tuned through modulation of metal-dielectric interface roughness and dispersion of metal nanoparticles in the dielectric layer. Electrical busbars and micro-nano electrical grids may be integrated with one or more metal layers to provide functionality such as de-icing and defogging.

Energy management techniques for heating or cooling a surface of a component of a vehicle comprise determining a heating lag time indicative of a lag time for a surface element of the vehicle component to heat to a first target temperature in response to a power on-off or power off-on modulation of a heat transfer component, determining a cooling lag time indicative of a lag time for the surface element to cool to a second target temperature in response to a power on-off or power off-on modulation of the heat transfer component, and controlling power-on and power-off times of the heat transfer component based on the determined heating and cooling lag times so as to not require a temperature sensor for feedback-based temperature control.

An entertainment system for a vehicle, the system including: a sound emitting module including multiple sound emitting units, wherein the sound emitting module is adapted to be arranged such that the multiple sound emitting units are distributed along the transverse extension of a windshield of the vehicle and to emit sound towards the windshield, and a display device arranged between the sound emitting module and an occupant seating position, wherein the display device is arranged to cover the sound emitting module as seen from the occupant seating position. The disclosed entertainment system provides the advantage of integrating a more advanced sound system in the form of a sound emitting module including multiple sound emitting units.

A defogging system includes: a vehicle speed sensor configured to detect a vehicle speed; a first heater arranged outside a field of view of an imaging device and configured to heat a window; a second heater arranged inside the field of view of the imaging device, arranged to be in contact with the window, and configured to heat the window; and a controller configured to control the first heater and the second heater. The controller is configured to determine whether the vehicle is stopped based on a detection result of the vehicle speed sensor, activate the first heater and the second heater in a case where a first condition is satisfied, the first condition including a condition that the vehicle is stopped, and activate only the first heater in a case where a second condition is satisfied, the second condition including a condition that the vehicle is traveling.

A wiper system includes a wiper blade to wipe a windshield, an angle sensor, and a motor. The motor drives the wiper blade to reverse a wipe operation of the wiper blade at a reversal position based on the angle sensor, such that rotation of the motor when the wiper blade moves to a released position is reversed to rotation of the motor when the wiper blade moves to a standby position. A first heating element is installed near a front pillar and generates heat when energized. A determiner determines whether snow accumulates on a surface of the windshield based on an operation of the wiper system. A controller controls energization of the first heating element and energizes the first heating element on determination of the determiner that snow accumulates on the surface of the windshield.

An anti-fogging film, an anti-fogging component, an adjustment method therefor and a vehicle-mounted device, the anti-fogging film including: a conversion film layer and an excitation film layer, which is located on the conversion film layer; the conversion film layer carries out reversible conversion between a hydrophilic state and a hydrophobic state according to characteristic parameters of the excitation film layer.

A roof module for forming a vehicle roof on a motor vehicle, the roof module may have a panel component whose outer surface at least partially forms the roof skin of the vehicle roof, the roof module having at least one environment sensor configured to send and/or receive electromagnetic signals for detecting the vehicle environment. At least one reflector element at which the electromagnetic signals can be reflected is associated with the environment sensor.