A diaphragm valve (DV), includes: an elastomer-diaphragm (ED) in/on a valve-housing via a radially-outer-edge-bead and interacts with a DV-seat (DVS); a first-control-chamber (CC), delimited by a first-surface, facing away from the DVS, of the ED and loadable and relieved of load by a pressure-medium (PM), and when the first-CC is loaded, the ED is pushed against the DVS; a second-CC, delimited by a second-surface, facing away from the first-surface, of the ED and loadable and relieved of load and surrounds the DVS, and, when the second-CC is loaded by PM, the ED lifts off from the DVS and the second-CC is connected to a PM-flow-channel (FC), on which the DVS is formed at an end-side; and the PM-FC, DVS, ED are coaxial as to an axial-direction, and the smallest thickness of the ED's central-region, as to a radial-direction perpendicular to the axial-direction, is at least 30% of the PM-FC's inner-diameter.

In a brake device for a saddle-type vehicle, including hydraulic front and rear wheel brakes and a first control unit that controls operations of the front wheel, brake and the rear wheel brake, a second control unit includes a collision possibility determining section that determines a possibility of collision of an own vehicle with an obstacle ahead, the first control unit has an automatic brake controller that performs automatic brake control to automatically increase braking forces of the front wheel brake and the rear wheel brake, and in case where the collision possibility determining section determines that there is the possibility of collision, the automatic brake controller pressurizes the rear wheel brake to brake a rear wheel, and simultaneously pressurizes the front wheel brake up to a predetermined pressure at which a vehicle body posture is not changed by braking of a front wheel.

Methods and systems are provided for operating a hybrid vehicle during operating conditions where vehicle braking is requested. In one example, regenerative braking is allocated to vehicle axles responsive to wheel torques of respective vehicle axles in response to an anti-lock braking system being activated. Additionally, friction braking torque is allocated to vehicle axles responsive to the anti-lock braking system being activated.

Provided is a vehicle control device that can reduce an uncomfortable feeling imparted to the driver when yaw-moment control is executed. In accordance with the output of a computation unit that instructs a yaw moment, the vehicle control device changes the distribution ratio between the braking force imparted to the front wheels and the braking force imparted to the rear wheels.

A braking apparatus of a vehicle including: a brake pedal position detector configured to detect a position of a brake pedal; a piston displacement detector configured to detect a displacement of a piston installed in a main master cylinder; a rear wheel circuit pressure detector configured to detect pressure supplied to a rear wheel circuit; a front wheel circuit pressure detector configured to detect pressure supplied to a front wheel circuit; a motor driver configured to drive a motor to move the piston; and a controller configured to receive the position of the brake pedal, the displacement of the piston, rear wheel circuit pressure and front wheel circuit pressure, determine a fail of a circuit isolation valve, and perform fail safe driving by operating the motor driver and a normal operating valve to supply pressure to only one of the rear wheel circuit and the front wheel circuit.

A friction material comprising a Fe part; a coating layer formed over a surface of the Fe part; and a friction part formed on a surface of at least a part of the coating layer wherein: the coating layer comprises a first coating layer and a second coating layer in order from Fe part side, the first coating layer is constituted of an alloy containing Cu, Ni and Fe such that Fe content be not less than 10 atom %, the second coating layer is constituted of an alloy containing Cu and Ni, or an alloy containing Cu, Ni and Fe such that Fe content be less than 10 atom %, an average thickness of the first coating layer is not less than 1.0 m and not more than 6.0 m; and an average thickness of the second coating layer is not less than 9.5 m and not more than 24.0 m.

An automatic braking system and method are provided for controlling the automatic operation of a pneumatic (air) brake system installed on commercial highway vehicles and the like, particular heavy trucks and buses. When a possible collision is detected or an object is detected in proximity to at least one side and/or end of the vehicle, the system automatically operates the existing, factory installed air braking system of the vehicle to avoid a collision or mitigate the collision impact by concurrently pressurizing each of the rear and front pneumatic service brakes of the vehicle. Pressing the existing vehicle brake pedal deactivates the automatic braking system, thereby permitting the driver to take over control of braking at any time.

An object of the present invention is to provide a control apparatus for an electric vehicle capable of preventing the vehicle from being destabilized because a rear wheel is locked first or drivability from reducing because a front wheel is locked early. A control apparatus includes a regenerative braking force calculation portion configured to calculate a regenerative braking force to be generated on each of a front motor and a rear motor based on a request braking force requested to an electric vehicle, a power limit portion configured to reduce the regenerative braking force based on a power limit on a power source, and a frictional braking force output portion configured to output an instruction for generating a frictional braking force according to a regenerative braking force reduction amount, which is an amount of a reduction in the regenerative braking force by the power limit portion, to a brake apparatus.

An object of the present invention is to provide a control apparatus for an electric vehicle capable of preventing the vehicle from being destabilized because a rear wheel is locked first or drivability from reducing because a front wheel is locked early. A control apparatus includes a regenerative braking force calculation portion configured to calculate a regenerative braking force to be generated on each of a front motor and a rear motor based on a request braking force requested to an electric vehicle, a power limit portion configured to reduce the regenerative braking force based on a power limit on a power source, and a frictional braking force output portion configured to output an instruction for generating a frictional braking force according to a regenerative braking force reduction amount, which is an amount of a reduction in the regenerative braking force by the power limit portion, to a brake apparatus.

An apparatus and method for automatic actuation and control of an air braking system on a commercial vehicle, under a warning of collision conditions, having multiple stages of operation, which supplements the normal brake pedal activation and control of the air brake operation under the driver's foot control. A modification to a standard air brake system structure enables the addition of the automatic activation and control stages. When an impending collision signal is received, an activation component operates valves to pressurize the rear brakes followed by pressurizing the front brakes, if necessary. The driver can deactivate the automatic braking functions by stepping on the brake pedal or by operating the vehicle turn signals.