An eye tracking and gaze fixation detection system, includes an electronically scannable optical illumination system emits polarized near-infrared (NIR) light to a retina in an eye of a subject; an optical detection system arranged in an optical path of the NIR light after being reflected from the retina of the eye of the subject, the optical detection system providing a detection signal; and a signal processing system communicates with the optical detection system to receive the detection signal, wherein the optical illumination system emits the polarized NIR light to illuminate at least a portion of a scanning path, wherein the scanning path is a spatially closed loop across a portion of the retina in the eye of the subject that repeats periodically over time, and wherein the signal processing system is configured to determine at least one of a gaze direction and a gaze fixation based on the detection signal.

It is provided a method for quick switching to realize anterior and posterior eye segments imaging, which can realize quick switch and real-time image for locations at different depths. On one hand, with an ability of quick switch, objects at different depths can be measured, and the detection scope of the OCT system can be enhanced; the switch system is able to work stably and change positions accurately without influencing the signal-to-noise ratio of the system. On the other hand, the light beam can be respectively focalized at different locations. Thus, high quality of anterior and posterior eye segments imaging can be achieved with a relatively high lateral resolution for human eyes having different ametropia. Furthermore, based on the anterior and posterior eye segments imaging, an ability of real-time eye axial length measurement can be added.

An optical equipment suitable for observation of an iridocorneal annular zone of an eye including: an illumination assembly, including at least one illumination electric device for illuminating the zone with a plurality of illumination optical paths for illumination light beams going to a corresponding plurality of sub-portions, an image capturing assembly, including at least one image capturing electric device for capturing images of the zone with a plurality of imaging optical paths for imaging light beams coming from a corresponding plurality of sub-portions, and a front optical assembly having a front surface located close to front surface of an eye, a rear surface located far from front surface of an eye, and including a central portion between the front and rear surfaces and a lateral portion around the central portion; the front optical assembly is stationary; all imaging optical paths pass through central portion between the front and rear surfaces.

Disclosed herein is a rodent and human behavioral test for evaluating visual dysfunctions associated with the retinal changes in Alzheimer disease progression. In one example, the inventors developed a maze that tests rodent's ability to identify (1) specific contrasts, (2) specific colors, (3) certain items in the visual field, and (4) other ‘non-typical’ peripheral and night vision functions associated with AD. For instance, the inventors developed a maze the tests the rodents ability to avoid certain colors or contrasts gradients. The maze may include certain rooms with specific visual markers (e.g., colors, contrasts, objects or other visual features) that also contain shock plates.

Disclosed is a method for determining at least one geometrico-morphological parameter of a subject for determining a vision correction equipment, wherein the following steps are performed: a) determining the height of one of the eyes of the subject (P) relative to a reference horizontal surface; b) placing a visual target in front of the head (HP) of the subject (P) at a predetermined position, this predetermined position being determined taking into account the height of one of the eyes of the subject relative to the reference horizontal surface, determined in step a); c) while the subject gazes at the visual target placed at the predetermined position in step b), capturing an image of the head (HP) of the subject (P) with an image capture apparatus (50); and d) deducing from the image captured in step c) the at least one geometrico-morphological parameter.

Zero parallax visual axis glasses for corneal pre-marking include a target light, an alignment light, a polarized lens and a short pass filter. In some embodiments the targeting light and/or alignment light are LEDs and/or configured to blink. In some embodiments the target light is red. In certain embodiments the alignment light is white. The polarized lens can be placed on a user's non-dominant eye and block light originating from the target light and/or alignment light. The short pass filter can be configured to allow light from the target light to only pass through in one direction.

A fundus imaging apparatus according to embodiments of the present invention includes an optical unit configured to guide light from a fiber light source to a fundus of a subject eye, a wavefront sensor capable of measuring the wavefront of reflected light guided via the optical unit after the light from the fiber light source is reflected on the fundus, a wavefront correction device provided on an optical path extending between the fiber light source and the subject eye to correct the wavefront of the reflected light, an APD that can receive the reflected light and capture an image of the fundus, and a processing and control unit configured to acquire thickness information about an optical diffusive layer of the fundus and determine a correction value to be used when the wavefront correction device corrects the wavefront of the reflected light based on the acquired thickness information.

Provided is an ophthalmologic apparatus, including: a scan unit configured to repeat two-dimensional scanning on a fundus of an eye to be inspected with measuring light; an image generation unit configured to generate a two-dimensional image of the fundus based on reflected light of the measuring light from the fundus that is two-dimensionally scanned; and a control unit configured to control, in the two-dimensional scanning, an amount of the measuring light that is radiated to the fundus and is not used to generate the two-dimensional image to be smaller than an amount of the measuring light that is radiated to the fundus and is used to generate the two-dimensional image.

A video oculography (VOG) system for calculation and display of Corrective Secondary Saccades Analysis is disclosed and utilized in a method for Objective Diagnostics of Internuclear Opthalmopligia, Ocular Lateral Pulsion, Progressive Supernuclear Palsy and Glissades. The method comprises the steps of using a VOG system to calculate corrective saccades. The VOG based system is configured to collect eye images of the patient in excess of 60 hz and configured to resolve eye movements smaller than at least 3 degrees of motion and collects eye movement data wherein at least one fixation target is presented to the subject in a defined position configured to yield a voluntary saccadic eye response from at least one eye of the patient. The latency, amplitude, accuracy and velocity of each respective corrective saccade and totals latency and accuracy are calculated.

An eye movement-based methodology and assessment tool may be used to quantify many aspects of human dynamic visual processing using a relatively simple and short oculomotor task, noninvasive video-based eye tracking, and validated oculometric analysis techniques. By examining the eye movement responses to a task including a radially-organized appropriately randomized sequence of Rashbass-like step-ramp pursuit-tracking trials, distinct performance measurements may be generated that may be associated with, for example, pursuit initiation (e.g., latency and open-loop pursuit acceleration), steady-state tracking (e.g., gain, catch-up saccade amplitude, and the proportion of the steady-state response consisting of smooth movement), direction tuning (e.g., oblique effect amplitude, horizontal-vertical asymmetry, and direction noise), and speed tuning (e.g., speed responsiveness and noise). This quantitative approach may provide fast and results (e.g., a multi-dimensional set of oculometrics and a single scalar impairment index) that can be interpreted by one without a high degree of scientific sophistication or extensive training.