Corrosion inhibiting hydraulic fluid additives, kits, and methods are disclosed. The hydraulic fluid additive may be adapted for use with brake fluid in vehicular brake systems. The kits may include an additive, a hydraulic fluid tester, and/or correlated information on test results and hydraulic fluid service actions.

A powertrain for an electric vehicle includes: a motor that generates torque, a motor controller that controls the motor; a two-stage speed reducer connected to the motor and having a synchronizer movable to a neural position when the electric vehicle is parked; a pair of drive wheels connected to the two-stage speed reducer through a differential gear; a pair of electric parking brakes (EPBs) that locks or unlocks the pair of drive wheels, respectively, and a vehicle controller that controls the pair of EPBs. The synchronizer moves to the neutral position to prevent the torque of the motor from being delivered to the drive wheels.

A powertrain for an electric vehicle includes: a motor that generates torque, a motor controller that controls the motor; a two-stage speed reducer connected to the motor and having a synchronizer movable to a neural position when the electric vehicle is parked; a pair of drive wheels connected to the two-stage speed reducer through a differential gear; a pair of electric parking brakes (EPBs) that locks or unlocks the pair of drive wheels, respectively, and a vehicle controller that controls the pair of EPBs. The synchronizer moves to the neutral position to prevent the torque of the motor from being delivered to the drive wheels.

A braking control device comprises: an operational displacement sensor detecting operational displacement of a braking member; a first hydraulic pressure unit that reads operational displacement as a first displacement processing value via a first displacement signal line and adjusts braking hydraulic pressure based on the first displacement processing value; a second hydraulic pressure unit that reads operational displacement as a second displacement processing value via a second displacement signal line and adjusts braking hydraulic pressure based on the second displacement processing value; and a communication bus transmitting signals between the first and second hydraulic pressure units. The first hydraulic pressure unit acquires the second displacement processing value via the communication bus and determines suitability/unsuitability of the first displacement processing value. When the first displacement processing value is suitable (unsuitable), the first hydraulic pressure unit adjusts the braking hydraulic pressure on the basis of the first (second) displacement processing value.

A method is provided for increasing the operational safety of at least one thermally stressed functional part of at least one vehicle brake, in particular of a commercial vehicle and/or a trailer, and/or for reducing brake wear and/or drive power, wherein the method has the following steps: inputting a temperature signal of the at least one brake, which temperature signal represents at least one temperature of the brake and/or of a functional part of the brake detected by at least one sensor, and inputting a brake request signal and/or brake pressure signal for the at least one brake; determining a thermal error condition by using the temperature signal and the brake requirement signal and/or brake pressure signal; and providing an adapted brake requirement signal and/or adapted brake pressure signal using the determined thermal error condition in order to increase the operational safety of the at least one functional part of the at least one vehicle brake exposed to thermal stress, and/or to reduce the brake wear and/or the drive power.

A method is provided for increasing the operational safety of at least one thermally stressed functional part of at least one vehicle brake, in particular of a commercial vehicle and/or a trailer, and/or for reducing brake wear and/or drive power, wherein the method has the following steps: inputting a temperature signal of the at least one brake, which temperature signal represents at least one temperature of the brake and/or of a functional part of the brake detected by at least one sensor, and inputting a brake request signal and/or brake pressure signal for the at least one brake; determining a thermal error condition by using the temperature signal and the brake requirement signal and/or brake pressure signal; and providing an adapted brake requirement signal and/or adapted brake pressure signal using the determined thermal error condition in order to increase the operational safety of the at least one functional part of the at least one vehicle brake exposed to thermal stress, and/or to reduce the brake wear and/or the drive power.

In a method for avoiding an overheating of a brake of a vehicle, in particular of a commercial vehicle and/or a trailer, a first temperature signal and at least a second temperature signal are read in, with the first temperature signal representing a temperature of the brake and/or of a functional part of the brake, and the at least second temperature signal representing at least one additional temperature of at least one additional brake of the vehicle. An error state of the brake is detected using the first temperature signal and the second temperature signal in order to avoid an overheating of the brake. A control device for carrying out the method is also disclosed.

In a method for avoiding an overheating of a brake of a vehicle, in particular of a commercial vehicle and/or a trailer, a first temperature signal and at least a second temperature signal are read in, with the first temperature signal representing a temperature of the brake and/or of a functional part of the brake, and the at least second temperature signal representing at least one additional temperature of at least one additional brake of the vehicle. An error state of the brake is detected using the first temperature signal and the second temperature signal in order to avoid an overheating of the brake. A control device for carrying out the method is also disclosed.

The electric brake device includes a control device for performing follow-up control such that a braking force estimated value estimated by a braking force estimator follows a given braking force command value. The control device includes an angle-sensorless control function section for determining a phase of phase current of an electric motor irrespective of an actual angle of the electric motor and controlling the electric motor to have a current value that is based on the determined phase of the phase current. The angle-sensorless control function section includes a current phase determination section for determining a current phase that is the phase of the phase current of the electric motor on the basis of a deviation between the braking force command value and the braking force estimated value.

The electric brake device includes a control device for performing follow-up control such that a braking force estimated value estimated by a braking force estimator follows a given braking force command value. The control device includes an angle-sensorless control function section for determining a phase of phase current of an electric motor irrespective of an actual angle of the electric motor and controlling the electric motor to have a current value that is based on the determined phase of the phase current. The angle-sensorless control function section includes a current phase determination section for determining a current phase that is the phase of the phase current of the electric motor on the basis of a deviation between the braking force command value and the braking force estimated value.