A system for predicting a negative pressure of a brake booster of a vehicle includes: a driving information detector detecting driving information related to driving of the vehicle; and a controller determining a negative pressure of an intake manifold based on a pressure of the intake manifold and an atmospheric pressure which is the driving information and including a booster negative pressure predictor predicting the negative pressure of the brake booster by integrating over time a change rate according to a charging rate and a discharging rate of the negative pressure determined using a negative pressure of the brake booster determined in a previous cycle according to a logic for predicting the negative pressure of the brake booster and the negative pressure of the intake manifold of a current cycle and an imitated brake pedal force signal of the current cycle imitating an acceleration of the vehicle.

A vehicle body speed estimation device and a vehicle body speed estimation method are provided for estimating a vehicle body speed of a four-wheel drive vehicle from a wheel speed of each wheel of the four-wheel drive vehicle. In the vehicle body speed estimation device and a vehicle body speed estimation method, a controller determines whether a deviation of at least two of the wheel speeds among the wheel speeds is within a first prescribed range. The controller switches a method for selecting the wheel speed used for estimating the vehicle body speed between a first method and a second method when a sign of a drive torque that is applied to each of the wheels is reversed and the deviation of at least two of the wheel speeds among the wheel speeds is within the first prescribed range.

A pedal assembly includes a housing, a spring arm member, a pedal arm, a spring carrier, and a spring guide member. The spring arm member is coupled to the housing. The pedal arm has a hub portion and an opposite pedal pad. The hub portion is pivotally retained in the housing by the spring arm member at the hub portion. The spring carrier is coupled to the pedal arm and to the spring arm member. The spring carrier has at least one spring positioned to provide a first pedal effort force to the pedal arm at a first amount of predetermined travel of the pedal arm. The spring guide member contacts a second at least one spring from the pedal arm when the pedal arm exceeds a second amount of predetermined travel of the pedal pad. The at least one spring provides a second pedal effort force.

Systems and methods are provided for controlling one or more brakes of the vehicle. The system may include a processor and a memory in communication with the processor with a brake control module. The brake control module includes instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to control the one or more brakes of the vehicle when the vehicle is in a first mode using a brake-by-wire system. When the vehicle is in a second mode, control the brake-by-wire system such that the one or more brakes of the vehicle are controlled using a mechanical braking system and the brake-by-wire system.

A vehicle brake system, including: a first-braking-force control mechanism configured to control a first braking force, a second-braking-force control mechanism configured to control a second braking force, an abnormal-state detecting device configured to detect whether the first-braking-force control mechanism is in an abnormal state, a pseudo-abnormal-state detecting device configured to detect whether the first-braking-force control mechanism is in a pseudo abnormal state in which the first-braking-force control mechanism is suspected to be in the abnormal state, and a controller including a pseudo abnormal state controller configured to control the second-braking-force control mechanism in an operating state of the first-braking-force control mechanism so as to control the second braking force when the pseudo-abnormal-state detecting device detects that the first-braking-force control mechanism is in the pseudo abnormal state.

A braking system for a motorcycle may have at least (a) a first brake associated with a front wheel of the motorcycle, at least a first electro-hydraulic or electro-mechanical actuator, operatively connected to the first brake, (b) at least a first manual actuation command, associated with and corresponding to the at least one first brake, to send a braking request from a user, (c) at least a second brake associated with a rear wheel of the motorcycle, (d) at least a second electro-hydraulic or electro-mechanical actuator, operatively connected to the second brake, (e) at least a second manual actuation command, associated with and corresponding to the at least one second brake, to send a brake request from a user, and (f) a control unit operatively connected to the first manual actuation command, to the second manual actuation command and to the first and second electro-hydraulic or electro-mechanical actuators.

A system for predicting a negative pressure of a brake booster of a vehicle includes: a driving information detector configured to detect driving information according to driving of the vehicle; and a controller configured to calculate a negative pressure of an intake manifold based on a pressure of the intake manifold and an atmospheric pressure that is the driving information and including a booster negative pressure predictor configured to predict the negative pressure of the brake booster by integrating over time a change rate according to a charging rate and a discharging rate of the negative pressure calculated using a previous negative pressure of the brake booster calculated in a previous cycle according to a logic for predicting the negative pressure of the brake booster and the negative pressure of the intake manifold and a brake pedal force of a current cycle.

A device for determining an accident of personal mobility in real time, a system for rapidly identifying and coping with the accident, and a method for determining the accident of the personal mobility are provided. The device includes a sensor device that obtains at least one of an angle between the personal mobility and a ground, an amount of impact on the personal mobility, or a speed of the personal mobility, and a determination device that determines whether the accident of the personal mobility has occurred based on the at least one of the angle, the amount of impact, or the speed.

A pedal emulator including a housing having a first housing portion that defines a first chamber and a second housing portion that defines a second chamber, the second housing portion moveable relative to the first housing portion. The pedal emulator also includes a first spring that is compressed while the second housing portion travels a first distance relative to the first housing portion, a second spring that is compressed in parallel with the first spring after the second housing travels the first distance and while the second housing portion travels a second distance relative to the first housing portion, and a third spring that is compressed in parallel with the first spring and the second spring after the second housing portion travels the second distance and while the second housing portion travels a third distance relative to the first housing portion.

A method for optimizing the meterability of brake force in an ABS braking with a brake-by-wire brake system. The method includes various steps. First, a driver brake request is sensed by a pedal force simulator. In addition, a trigger point (A) of an ABS braking is recognized. In the case of a recognized ABS braking, there is a correction of the sensed driver brake request such that, upon recognizing the trigger point (A) during a reduction of the sensed driver brake request, the corrected driver brake request is reduced to the extent that ABS braking is no longer present. The corrected driver brake request is subsequently implemented by building up a corresponding brake pressure in a brake device of the brake system.