The present disclosure presents glucose sensing methods and systems. One such system comprises an electrospun-nanofibrous-membrane (ENFM)-based amperometric glucose sensor integrated on a silicon chip, in which the glucose sensor has a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a counter electrode, wherein the working electrode comprises an ENFM-based sensing electrode. The system further comprises a potentiostat circuit integrated on the silicon chip such that the potentiostat circuit comprises a voltage control unit to control a voltage difference between the working electrode and the reference electrode and a transimpedance amplifier to measure a current flow between the working electrode and the counter electrode, in which a strength of the current flow corresponds to an amount of glucose present in a sample of blood on the glucose sensor.

A method, system, apparatus, and/or device to determine a condition of a user using multiple sensors. The method, system, apparatus, and/or device may include: a band configured to extend at least partially around a body part of a user having a subdermal feature within body part; a light configured in the band to emit light into the body part; a miniaturized spectrometer positioned in the band to press against the body part to receive the light, where the miniaturized spectrometer comprises: an optical filter configured to isolate a relevant constituent wavelength of the light; a collimator configured to collimate the light; and an optical sensor configured to detect an intensity of the relevant constituent wavelength; and an impedance sensor integrated into the band and configured to be positioned against a same side of the body part as the miniaturized spectrometer.

An adjustable measurement device is described that may include a housing, a power supply, a processor, a communication device, an elastic coupling member, a physiological sensor, and/or a clamp. The housing may be configured to attach to a wearable band that is wearable by a subject. The housing may include a chamber within the housing. The power supply, the processor, the communication device, the elastic coupling member, and or the physiological sensor may be disposed within the chamber. The elastic coupling member may couple the physiological sensor to the housing. A force exerted by the elastic coupling member on the physiological sensor may be in a direction through an opening towards a body part of a subject. As the subject wears the wearable band and the housing is coupled to the wearable band, the physiological sensor may be adjacent to or contact the subject.

The present invention relates to an electrocardiogram measurement apparatus (measurement sensor) which can be used in combination with a smartphone by an individual. The electrocardiogram measurement apparatus according to the present invention comprises: two amplifiers for receiving electrocardiogram signals from a first electrode and a second electrode; one electrode driving unit; a third electrode for receiving an output of the electrode driving unit; an A/D converter connected to an output terminal of each of the two amplifiers and converting analog signals into digital signals; a microcontroller for receiving the digital signals from the A/D converter; and a communication means for transmitting the digital signal, wherein: the microcontroller is supplied with power from a battery; the microcontroller controls the A/D converter and the communication means; and each of the two amplifiers amplifies one electrocardiogram signal so as to simultaneously measure two electrocardiogram signals.

Embodiments of the presently-disclosed subject matter include methods and systems for measuring a level of a neurotransmitter in a subject. Embodiments of the present methods comprise displaying a fixation point, a reward target, and a non-reward target, and measuring one or more saccade movement parameters for reward saccades and non-reward saccades. The saccade movement parameters can include velocity, amplitude, reaction time, or a combination thereof. The present methods can further include determining a reward modulation of the subject, the reward modulation being equal to a difference between the reward and the non-reward values for a respective saccade movement parameter. Some embodiments further include identifying the subject as including a deficiency of the neurotransmitter if there is a statistically measurable difference between the reward modulation of the subject and a reference reward modulation and/or if the non-reward and the reward saccade movement parameters are statistically equivalent.

A method of passively detecting radiofrequency (RF) signals spontaneously emitted by a non-equilibrium population of electrons that are spin polarized by flowing through a chiral media during relaxation of the spin polarized electrons to equilibrium at a frequency corresponding to a Zeeman spin-flip energy of the spin polarized electrons under influence of a magnetic field (MF). The MF is applied to the chiral media for a predefined time period to shift a frequency and magnitude of the spontaneously emitted RF signals in line with Zeeman effect. The shifted emitted RF signals is passively detected and stored for medical use applications using a receiver antenna tuned to a resonant frequency of the shifted emitted RF signals.

Blood glucose control systems are disclosed. A blood glucose control system can receive a glucose level signal from a glucose sensor operatively coupled to a subject. The system can decode encoded data of the glucose level signal to obtain the glucose level of the subject and the indication of the glucose trend. The system can automatically calculate the dose control signal using a control algorithm configured to calculate regular correction boluses of glucose control agent in response to at least the glucose level of the subject. The system can select a dose control signal encoding profile from a plurality of dose control signal encoding profiles and, based on the dose control signal encoding profile, encode the dose control signal such that the pump controller can read the dose control signal. The system can transmit an encoded dose control signal to the pump controller.

A glucose measuring system includes a glucose meter that incorporates wireless communication capabilities. The meter can advantageously be a low cost meter by eliminating expensive components, such as the display. The user nevertheless is able to retrieve and view his or her glucose values by referring to displays within the glucose measuring local area network. Feedback via these displays can advantageously be used by the diabetic to create a higher level of confidence and safety.

Methods and devices to detect analyte in body fluid are provided. Embodiments include positioning an analyte sensor in fluid contact with an analyte, detecting an attenuation in a signal from an analyte sensor after positioning during a predetermined time period, categorizing the detected attenuation in the analyte sensor signal based, at least in part, on one or more characteristics of the signal, performing signal processing to generate a reportable data associated with the detected analyte sensor signal during the predetermined time period, managing if and when to request additional reference signal measurements, and managing if and when to temporarily not display results.

A metabolic energy monitoring system having one or more physiological measurement platforms and displays enabling the calculation and display of energy balance, kilocalorie energy expenditure and kilocalorie intake is described. In preferred embodiments, the system utilizes one or more on-body monitoring platforms to enable measurement of change in body composition and kilocalorie energy expenditure over a period of time thereby enabling a comparator to calculate net energy balance over this period of time and to calculate kilocalorie intake over this same period of time. Such data may then be displayed on a display device in wireless communication with the on-body monitoring platform to provide the user of the system with useful information and guidance in weight management applications.