A tool for cleaning a vertebral disc includes an elongated hollow shaft including a proximal end and a distal end; a first drum rotatably disposed in a housing secured to the proximal end of the shaft, the first drum having a first axis; a second drum rotatably disposed proximate the distal end of the shaft, the second drum having a second axis parallel to the first axis; and a belt extending through the hollow shaft and operatively coupled to the first drum and the second drum, the belt comprising a plurality of teeth configured to cut anatomical tissue, each tooth of the plurality of teeth remaining flush with an outer surface of the belt when a section of the belt comprising the tooth is substantially straight, and projecting beyond the outer surface when the section of the belt bends around the first drum or the second drum.

Systems and methods are described for correcting sagittal imbalance in a spine including instruments for performing the controlled release of the anterior longitudinal ligament through a lateral access corridor and hyper-lordotic lateral implants.

Various aspects of a generator, ultrasonic device, and method for estimating a state of an end effector of an ultrasonic device are disclsoed. The ultrasonic device includes an electromechanical ultrasonic system defined by a predetermined resonant frequency, including an ultrasonic transducer coupled to an ultrasonic blade. A control circuit measures a complex impedance of an ultrasonic transducer, wherein the complex impedance is defined as

[00001]$Z_g(t)=\frac{V_g\left(t\right)}{I_g\left(t\right)}.$

The control circuit receivs a complex impedance measurement data point and compares the complex impedance measurement data point to a data point in a reference complex impedance characteristic pattern. The control circuit then classifies the complex impedance measurement data point based on a result of the comparison analysis and assigns a state or condition of the end effector based on the result of the comparison analysis.

A catheter for debulking of an undesired deposit from an inner surface of at least one of a blood vessel wall and a stent located in a blood vessel, the catheter having a tip section comprising: circumferentially-directed laser optics; and a circular-action cutter, wherein said circumferentially-directed laser optics is configured to transmit laser radiation for modifying an area of the undesired deposit thereby preparing said area for penetration of said cutter, wherein said cutter is configured to cut through said modified area and thereby debulk at least a part of the undesired deposit. In addition, a catheter for pacemaker and ICD (Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator) lead extraction is disclosed.

In accordance with some embodiments of the invention there is provided an acoustic mirror (200, 600, 700, 800), including an ultrasound beam deflecting surface (306) and a base couplable to an ultrasound catheter (102) comprising an ultrasound beam emitting surface (104). When the acoustic mirror is mounted on the ultrasound catheter the deflecting surface is angled in relation to ultrasound beam emitting surface and configured to (i) at least partially interfere with a path of propagation of an ultrasound beam mitted from the emitting surface and (ii) deflect the ultrasound beam impinging on the deflecting surface. Other embodiments are also described.

A medical device includes: an expansion body, a shaft portion, and an electrode portion, the expansion body includes a recessed portion defining a receiving space configured to receive a biological tissue, a proximal side upright portion of the recessed portion includes a first surface facing the receiving space and a second surface opposite to the first surface, a distal side upright portion of the recessed portion includes a third surface facing the receiving space and a fourth surface opposite to the third surface, the proximal side upright portion is an electrode arrangement portion in which the electrode portion is arranged, the distal side upright portion is an opposing surface portion opposing the electrode portion, the expansion body includes a heat insulation layer at least on the third surface or the fourth surface so as to oppose the electrode portion with the receiving space.

A medical device configured to suppress a thrombus from being formed and a method for controlling the medical device are provided. The medical device according to the present embodiment includes the expansion body configured to expand and contract in a radial direction; the elongated shaft portion including the distal portion including the proximal end fixing portion to which a proximal portion of the expansion body is fixed; the plurality of electrodes disposed along the expansion body; and the current supply unit that supplies a current to the electrodes, in which the expansion body includes the recessed portion recessed radially inward and defining the receiving space configured to receive a biological tissue when the expansion body expands, the plurality of electrodes are arranged along the recessed portion to face the receiving space, and the current supply unit is controlled to repeat supply and stop of a current to the electrodes.

A vibration transmission member includes: a main body that extends from a front end toward a proximal end of the vibration transmission member to define a longitudinal axis direction and that has a proximal end to which an ultrasonic transducer configured to generate ultrasonic vibration is connected; and an end effector that is installed at a front end of the main body and that has a curved shape which curves in a first direction toward the front end of the vibration transmission member, the first direction being orthogonal to the longitudinal axis direction, the end effector being configured to apply the ultrasonic vibration to a body tissue to treat the body tissue.

A vibration transmission member includes: a main body that extends from a front end toward a proximal end of the vibration transmission member to define a longitudinal axis direction and that has a proximal end to which an ultrasonic transducer configured to generate ultrasonic vibration is connected; and an end effector that is installed at a front end of the main body and that has a curved shape which curves in a first direction toward the front end of the vibration transmission member, the first direction being orthogonal to the longitudinal axis direction, the end effector being configured to apply the ultrasonic vibration to a body tissue to treat the body tissue.

Disclosed is an endoscopic device comprising an insertion tube, a distal tip, and at least one camera located at an initial location on or in the distal tip or the insertion tube. The endoscopic device is characterized in that it comprises a mechanical arrangement that is activated from the proximal end of the endoscopic device and is configured to do at least one of the following: (a) to move the at least one camera from the initial location to one or more different locations on, in or spaced away from the distal tip or the insertion tube; and (b) to change the direction of view of the at least one camera. Also disclosed are methods of performing endoscopic procedures using embodiments of the endoscopic device.