A system and method for autonomous air-to-air refueling of an aircraft arranged on the receiver aircraft, including a vision system for capturing images of the receiver aircraft including the fuel receiving equipment and of the tanker aircraft comprising the dispensing equipment, an image processing system for receiving and processing the images to identify the shape of the fuel receiving equipment, the fuel dispensing equipment and the contour of the tanker aircraft and for calculating a distance between the fuel dispensing equipment and the fuel receiving equipment and the relative attitude of the tanker aircraft, a receiver aircraft positioning system for varying, based on the distance between the fuel receiving equipment and the fuel dispensing equipment and the relative attitude of the tanker aircraft, flight parameters of the receiver aircraft.

Computerized system and method of controlling a refueling device including, when the device is in a non-engaged state: receiving a first roll angle of a tanker, determining a first desired roll angle, and providing a command for controlling a roll element, thereby attempting to achieve or maintain a first roll angle that is substantially the same as the roll angle of the tanker. And, when the device is in an engaged state: receiving a second roll angle of the tanker, determining a second desired roll angle, and providing a command related to the desired roll angle for controlling a yaw element, thereby attempting to achieve or maintain a second roll angle that is substantially the same as the roll angle of the tanker, wherein the roll angle of the device during the engaged state is facilitated due to a degree of freedom between the refueling device body and refueling nozzle.

Computerized system and method of controlling a refueling device including, when the device is in a non-engaged state: receiving a first roll angle of a tanker, determining a first desired roll angle, and providing a command for controlling a roll element, thereby attempting to achieve or maintain a first roll angle that is substantially the same as the roll angle of the tanker. And, when the device is in an engaged state: receiving a second roll angle of the tanker, determining a second desired roll angle, and providing a command related to the desired roll angle for controlling a yaw element, thereby attempting to achieve or maintain a second roll angle that is substantially the same as the roll angle of the tanker, wherein the roll angle of the device during the engaged state is facilitated due to a degree of freedom between the refueling device body and refueling nozzle.

A robotic system for fueling or charging a vehicle having a vehicle connector, the robotic system including a robotic arm having a plurality of sequentially arranged articulated links and at least one group of operating cables extending from a proximal end of the arm to terminate at a control link, for controlling the position of that link, the cables each having a path comprising a passage in each successive more proximal link for closely receiving the cable, a flexible conduit operably connected with the robotic arm for delivering a fluid or an electrical current, respectively, to a vehicle, the conduit being connected to a source at a first end and a delivery connector at a second end, and a control system for operating the robotic arm and the hose or cable, wherein the control system directs the robotic arm to engage the vehicle connector with the delivery connector and, upon engagement of the vehicle connector and delivery connector, the control system relaxes the robotic arm to an under-constrained condition.

A robotic system for fueling or charging a vehicle having a vehicle connector, the robotic system including a robotic arm having a plurality of sequentially arranged articulated links and at least one group of operating cables extending from a proximal end of the arm to terminate at a control link, for controlling the position of that link, the cables each having a path comprising a passage in each successive more proximal link for closely receiving the cable, a flexible conduit operably connected with the robotic arm for delivering a fluid or an electrical current, respectively, to a vehicle, the conduit being connected to a source at a first end and a delivery connector at a second end, and a control system for operating the robotic arm and the hose or cable, wherein the control system directs the robotic arm to engage the vehicle connector with the delivery connector and, upon engagement of the vehicle connector and delivery connector, the control system relaxes the robotic arm to an under-constrained condition.

A refueling system has a vehicle having a fuel tank connected to a deployable fuel hose, an end effector having controlled flight, the fuel hose connected at an end away from the first vehicle, through the end effector to a fuel connector under the end effector, a second vehicle having a fuel tank coupled through a pumping apparatus to a fueling port on an acquisition apparatus adapted to acquire the end effector and connect the fueling port and the fuel connector of the end effector, and control circuitry enabling controlled flight of the end effector, wherein the end effector is controlled to be acquired by the acquisition apparatus to couple the fuel connector with the fueling port and fuel is provided from the fuel tank of one of the vehicles to the fuel tank of the other of the vehicles through the pumping apparatus.

A refueling system has a vehicle having a fuel tank connected to a deployable fuel hose, an end effector having controlled flight, the fuel hose connected at an end away from the first vehicle, through the end effector to a fuel connector under the end effector, a second vehicle having a fuel tank coupled through a pumping apparatus to a fueling port on an acquisition apparatus adapted to acquire the end effector and connect the fueling port and the fuel connector of the end effector, and control circuitry enabling controlled flight of the end effector, wherein the end effector is controlled to be acquired by the acquisition apparatus to couple the fuel connector with the fueling port and fuel is provided from the fuel tank of one of the vehicles to the fuel tank of the other of the vehicles through the pumping apparatus.

A system and method for the transfer of cryogenic fluid fuel includes a nozzle positionable with respect to fuel tank inlet, e.g., of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), a seal to seal the area where the nozzle and inlet are connected, a collapsible and expandable bellows providing an isolation volume where the fluid is transferred from the nozzle into the inlet; a vacuum is provided in the volume to avoid accumulation of fuel or other species in the volume.

A system and method for the transfer of cryogenic fluid fuel includes a nozzle positionable with respect to fuel tank inlet, e.g., of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), a seal to seal the area where the nozzle and inlet are connected, a collapsible and expandable bellows providing an isolation volume where the fluid is transferred from the nozzle into the inlet; a vacuum is provided in the volume to avoid accumulation of fuel or other species in the volume.

A system for delivering objects from a fixed-wing aircraft has a first tether having a connector on a deployed end, an anchor apparatus fixed to a point on the ground, a slide ring assembled over the first tether, a drag line connected to the slide ring by one end, and a drag-producing device connected to at a second end, and an object carrying apparatus connected by a support line. The aircraft is flown at an altitude in an orbit at a diameter and a speed such that the deployed first tether assumes a spiral pattern. An object is placed in the object-carrying apparatus and released from the aircraft, with the slide ring guiding along the first tether, and the drag-producing element slows descent of the object in the carrying apparatus in the spiral pattern until the object reaches the ground, where the object is removed from the object-carrying apparatus.