Transient molecules in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, such as nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide, are important signals and mediators of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Because these molecules may be short-lived in the body, they are difficult to detect. To track these reactive molecules in the GI tract, a miniaturized device has been developed that integrates genetically engineered probiotic biosensors with a custom-designed photodetector and readout chip. Leveraging the molecular specificity of living sensors, bacteria were genetically encoded to respond to IBD-associated molecules by luminescing. Low-power electronic readout circuits (e.g., using nanowatt power) integrated into the device convert the light from just 1 μL of bacterial culture into a wireless signal. Biosensor monitoring was demonstrated in the GI tract of small and large animal models and integration of all components into a sub-1.4 cm.sup.3 ingestible form factor capable of supporting wireless communication. The wireless detection of short-lived, disease-associated molecules may support earlier diagnosis of disease than is currently possible, more accurate tracking of disease progression, and more timely communication between patient and their care team supporting remote personalized care.

An intra-uterine monitoring system is described. The system comprises an implantable sensor device, shaped and dimensioned for implantation in a uterus for measuring conditions within the uterus to generate sensor data, and a wearable receiver device, for wirelessly receiving the sensor data generated by the implantable sensor device. In this way, real-time, in-vivo monitoring of the intra-uterine environment can be performed. The implantable sensor device can be kept small and simple, requiring only the mechanical and electronic structures necessary to take sensor measurements and transmit those to the receiver device. By making the receiver device wearable, it can be kept in relatively close proximity to the implantable sensor device on a long-term basis, making regular monitoring viable.

Various aspects of the present disclosure are directed toward introducer apparatuses, systems, and methods for positioning an implantable medical device within a patient. The introducer may include a housing having a proximal opening and a distal opening and configured to position the implantable medical device adjacent the distal opening prior to ejection and an ejection rod configured to pass through the proximal opening and eject the implantable medical device from the housing through the distal opening of the housing.

An apparatus may include a plunger and a substantially cylindrical body. The substantially cylindrical body may include an end portion having rounded edges and may define a cavity sized to receive the plunger. The substantially cylindrical body may include at least one opening extending from the cavity to an external surface. The at least one opening may a substantially irregular shape. In some embodiments, the at least one opening may extend from the cavity through a nub to the external surface. The nub may have a rounded shape. In some embodiments, the substantially irregular shape may include one of a slit, an oval shape, an elliptical shape, an hourglass shape, a rectangular shape, and a diamond shape. In some embodiments, the opening may be part of a non-cylindrical fluid passage.

A tubular retractor securement frame is disclosed including a mounting bracket, two flexor arms, and a device emplacement oriented to receive and hold in-place a surgical tool. The mounting bracket includes an elastically deformable plate, rails extending about orthogonal from the elastically deformable plate and about parallel to one another, and receptacles facing one another in the rails which are arranged to receive a retractor arm extending from a tubular retractor at a fixed angle. The flexor arms extend from the mounting bracket adjacent to the rails. The flexor arms are positioned so as not to occlude visualization through the tubular retractor and such that applying pressure to flex the flexor arms toward one another shifts the rails to accept or remove the retractor arm into or from the receptacles, and releasing the pressure reverts the rails so as to inhibit the retractor arm from being inserted or removed.

An applicator for an analyte monitoring device may include an actuatable housing having a body defining a cavity therein and having a distal opening and a side opening. A cuff and a shuttle are received within the cavity and are separately translatable relative to the housing body. A base may removable engage the housing body at the distal opening. The housing body, the cuff, the shuttle, and/or the base may be engaged with one another with one or more releasable coupling features. The base may be removed from an engagement with the housing body, causing the cuff and the shuttle to be aligned and positioned in a configuration in which the analyte monitoring device, held by the shuttle, is ready for insertion into the skin.

Parametric model based computer implemented methods for determining the stiffness of a bone and systems for estimating the stiffness of a bone in vivo. The computer implemented methods include determining a complex compliance frequency response function Y(f) and an associated complex stiffness frequency response function H(f) and independently fitting a parametric mathematical model to Y(f) and to H(f). The systems include a device for measuring the stiffness of the bone in vivo and a data analyzer to determine a complex compliance frequency response function Y(f) and an associated complex stiffness frequency response function H(f).

A clip assembly for attaching an electrical lead to a medical electrode. The clip assembly has opposing jaws that can be selectively clipped onto a medical electrode. The jaws are opened and closed using handles. A receptacle is disposed in one handle for receiving the electrical lead. Within the receptacle, the electrical lead makes contact with a shaped conductor. The shaped conductor extends into a jaw and contacts the medical electrode. A clamp is integrated into the handle. The clamp is used to selectively press the electrical lead against the shaped conductor in the receptacle. The clamp can be manually tightened and loosened. As such, the electrical lead can be readily attached to, and disconnected from, the clip assembly as needed.

An insert for a surgical apparatus tray and method of preparing a surgical apparatus tray are described. The insert may include an upper part defining at least one support configured to receive an item of surgical equipment, and defining a first plane and having a plurality of edges defining a polygonal shape. A first side wall may extend downwardly from a first edge of the upper part and define a second plane. The first side wall may have a first, male attachment feature. A second side wall may extend downwardly from a second edge of the upper part and have a second, female attachment feature. The first attachment feature may be configured to mate with the form of the female attachment feature when the first side wall is moved in a direction parallel to the first plane and the second plane to connect the insert to a further insert having a similar construction.

An ingestible apparatus for collecting samples from a target area of a gastrointestinal (GI) tract of a subject and/or for delivering a health-related substance thereto. An example ingestible apparatus includes a housing defining a sample compartment, a stopper configured to seal an access port, and an actuation assembly connected to the stopper. The actuation assembly is movable between a first working position where the access port is open and a second working position where the access port is sealed with the stopper. The apparatus also includes a dissolvable block configured to prevent the actuation assembly from moving between the first and second working positions until the apparatus is within a target area of the GI tract. The actuation assembly is configured, in the second working position, to apply a linear force at an interface between the stopper and a sealing surface to seal the access port with the stopper.