A portable respiration monitoring system usable wherever the respiratory monitoring is needed comprises a sensor/electronic assembly having disposable sensor components, non-disposable electronic components, and a positioning device for securing the sensor components in the respiration pathway of a subject. The positioning device is envisioned as a mask, nasal cannula, a nares clip, as hanging from eyeglasses, attached to the skin by an adhesive or magnetically in proximity to the nose or mouth, in a ET tube, in a tracheostomy tube, in a CPAP machine, in a Vapotherm/Fisher Panel device, etc. The disposable sensor and non-disposable electronic components are removably coupled with one another for a duration of the respiration monitoring, and de-coupled from one another when monitoring is completed, so that the disposable sensor components are disposed of, while the non-disposable electronic components may be re-used.

Provided herein is a mesoscopic electrophysiological system including a structural system sized and configured to be attached to a head of a patient and to hold a plurality of intracranial electrode shafts in predetermined positions around the head of the patient, a plurality of mesoscopic intracranial electrode shafts that includes a first plurality of electrode contacts configured to measure local field potentials (LFPs) at a plurality of locations in a brain of a patient, wherein each electrode shaft of the plurality of intracranial electrode shafts includes a second plurality of electrode contacts, and a plurality of guide pins sized and configured to receive the plurality of mesoscopic intracranial electrode shafts positioned therein.