Integrated rotary evaporator apparatuses are provided. Such rotary evaporators include a vertically oriented evaporator for evaporating a sample to form a sample evaporate, a mixing apparatus for mixing the sample in the evaporator, a condenser for condensing the evaporated sample into a condensate, a collection vessel for collecting the condensate, a vacuum pump to create a vacuum in the evaporator, and a refrigeration system integrated into the condenser, where all components are integrated into a single apparatus. Standalone large-scale chillers for cooling a liquid, vapor or other medium are also provided. Such chillers include a heat exchanger or evaporator, a condenser, a compressor, and a temperature controller, all integrated into a single standalone chiller usable with any vessel or reservoir containing liquids, vapors or other medium from which heat is to be removed. Methods of using such devices to distill, evaporate and/or cool a sample or medium are provided.

A vertically-integrated cannabis-related product production method is described, the method comprises, producing a distilled cannabinoid and/or a crystallized cannabinoid from cannabis plants, comprising: in a farming system, growing the cannabis plants, the cannabis plants comprise a cannabinoid; in an extraction system, extracting the cannabinoid from the cannabis plants; in a purification system, purifying the cannabinoid to produce a purified cannabinoid; and in a distillation and/or a crystallization system, distilling and/or crystallizing the purified cannabinoid to produce the distilled cannabinoid and/or the crystallized cannabinoid. Various ways to purify, distill, and process the cannabinoids are described. An insect pest management system may be integrated with the farming system to grow the cannabis plants in the presence of predatory mites which feed on insects and/or spider mites.

The invention relates to the field of olefin oligomerization to obtain liner -olefins, particularly to a method of separating olefin oligomerization products using an evaporator. The invention includes two embodiments of the method of separating the oligomerization reaction product streams. In accordance with the first embodiment of the invention, the oligomerization reaction product stream after the step of isolating an initial olefin is fed into an evaporator to the step of separating the oligomerization reaction product steam. In accordance with the second embodiment of the invention, the oligomerization reaction product stream after the step of isolating the initial olefin is separated into two streams, the first part of which is fed into the separation column, and the second part is fed into the evaporator. The invention allows to minimize a quantity of technological equipment contaminated by the by-product polymer.

The present invention provides a process for recovering transition metal tetrahalides from a waste stream coming from a catalyst manufacturing process by (a) establishing a mixed stream comprising transition metal tetrahalide and transition metal alkoxyhalides; (b) forming a falling liquid film from the mixed stream of step (a) at a temperature of from 25 to 85 C. and an absolute pressure of from 0.05 to 0.6 bar; and (c) establishing from the film of step (b) a first vapour stream containing from 90 to 100% of recoverable components and a second liquid stream containing about 10 to 80% of titanium haloalkoxides.

A method for producing a fluorinated alkane represented by the formula (2): R.sup.2-F (R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms) is provided. An alcohol having 3 to 5 carbon atoms is fluorinated by a fluorinating agent represented by the formula (1): R.sup.1SO.sub.2F (R.sup.1 represents a methyl group, an ethyl group or an aromatic group) in the absence of a solvent, and in the presence of a phosphazene base.

A multi-stage evaporation system enhanced by a gravity-reduced field consists of evaporation structures of multiple stages. There are three different operation modes, namely, a serial-connected air and parallel-connected solution mode, a serial-connected air and serial-connected solution mode, and a parallel-connected air and serial-connected solution mode. In the evaporation chambers, the solution directly contacts the air to transfer the heat and mass. The solution is sprayed on the rotating filling material, and is uniformly distributed under the action of the gravity-reduced field, which enhances the heat and mass transfer. The solution is gasified by absorbing the heat energy thereof. Meanwhile, the air can carry more water vapor after being heated by the solution and thus having an increased temperature, and take away the gasified solution, thereby achieving the purpose of evaporation.

The present invention provides: a method for producing a fluorinated alkane represented by the formula (2): R.sup.2F, wherein an alcohol having 3 to 5 carbon atoms is fluorinated by a fluorinating agent represented by the formula (1): R.sup.1SO.sub.2F in the absence of a solvent, and in the presence of an amidine base. In the formula, R.sup.1 represents a methyl group, an ethyl group or an aromatic group, R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, and n is 0 or 2.

Methods of making a powdered milk product as described. The methods may include providing an aqueous milk-sourced mixture, and evaporating water from the aqueous milk-sourced mixture to produce an evaporated milk-sourced mixture having a total solids concentration of 35 wt. % or more. The evaporated milk-sourced mixture may be dried to form the powdered milk product, which may have less than 6 wt. % water. Systems for making the milk powdered product are also described. The systems may include an evaporator to evaporate water from a supply of a milk-sourced mixture to form an evaporated milk-sourced mixture. They may also include a dryer to dry the evaporated milk-sourced mixture and atomize it into the powdered milk product.

The present invention provides a process for recovering transition metal tetrahalides from a waste stream coming from a catalyst manufacturing process by (a) establishing a mixed stream comprising transition metal tetrahalide and transition metal alkoxyhalides; (b) forming a falling liquid film from the mixed stream of step (a) at a temperature of from 25 to 85 C. and an absolute pressure of from 0.05 to 0.6 bar; and (c) establishing from the film of step (b) a first vapor stream containing from 90 to 100% of recoverable components and a second liquid stream containing about 10 to 80% of titanium haloalkoxides.

The disclosure provides methods and reagents for removing pesticides or pesticide residues from plant matter such as cannabis plant matter. The method uses Countercurrent Partition Chromatography (CPC).