A hydrogen production system according to an embodiment includes an evaporator that evaporates seawater to generate water vapor, an electrolytic device that electrolyzes the water vapor supplied from the evaporator to produce hydrogen, and a removal mechanism that is provided between the evaporator and the electrolytic device and removes a seawater component from the water vapor.

The disclosure provides systems methods and apparatus for purifying water. A purification device includes a heating vessel adapted to receive impure water and output water or water vapor. The device further includes at least one heating element arranged outside and in thermal contact with the heating vessel, configured to provide heat to the impure water. The device also includes at least one heat exchanger to exchange heat between the impure water and the water vapor to raise the temperature of the impure water. In some example implementations, the at least one heating element can include a Peltier cell.

A fluid vapor distillation apparatus. The apparatus includes a source fluid input, and an evaporator condenser apparatus. The evaporator condenser apparatus includes a substantially cylindrical housing and a plurality of tubes in the housing. The source fluid input is fluidly connected to the evaporator condenser and the evaporator condenser transforms source fluid into steam and transforms compressed steam into product fluid. Also included in the fluid vapor distillation apparatus is a heat exchanger fluidly connected to the source fluid input and a product fluid output. The heat exchanger includes an outer tube and at least one inner tube. Also included in the fluid vapor distillation apparatus is a regenerative blower fluidly connected to the evaporator condenser. The regenerative blower compresses steam, and the compressed steam flows to the evaporative condenser where compressed steam is transformed into product fluid. The fluid vapor distillation apparatus also includes a control system.

A high capacity and high efficiency vapor-liquid contacting apparatus and process is useful in distillation columns and other vapor-liquid contacting processes. The apparatus is characterized by a half module comprising a downcomer against a shell of a vessel for transporting liquid to a subjacent stage which utilizes a demister to effect vapor-liquid separation at the downcomer outlet.

A seawater distillation system for distilling seawater and brine and removing salt. The seawater distillation system includes an apparatus having at least a vessel, a separation assembly, and at least one mist eliminator. The vessel may be adapted to hold a volume of seawater comprising a volume of salt, wherein vessel is one of externally heated and internally heated to evaporate the volume of seawater to a volume of steam and to precipitate the volume of salt. The separation assembly may be operably engaged with the vessel, wherein the separation assembly is configured to separate the volume of salt from the volume of seawater inside of the vessel. The at least one mist eliminator may be operably engaged with the vessel and positioned vertically above the separation assembly, wherein the at least one mist eliminator is configured to eliminate water droplets and salt from the volume of steam.

A multistage flash (MSF) desalination system is described. The MSF desalination system comprises a feed tank, a brine heater (BH), an MSF tower with n number of stages, n−1 number of condensers each with an inlet and an outlet, and a desalinated water tank. Herein, the feed tank is connected to a first pump, which is connected to the BH; the MSF tower comprises a stepped pyramid shape with n number of connected chambers. The n number of stages each contains at least one flash spray nozzle and a demister. The flash spray nozzles are fluidly connected to drainage of the previous stage, with the flash spray nozzle in the first stage connected to the BH. Further, the condensers are connected to the demisters in n−1 stages and to the next condenser, with the last condenser connected to a second pump, which is connected to the desalinated water tank.

A liquid-vapor separator includes a housing, an inlet disposed on the housing and configured to receive a working fluid into the housing, a vapor stream outlet disposed on the housing and configured to release a vapor stream of the working fluid, and a demister disposed in the housing and configured to transfer thermal energy between the working fluid and the vapor stream. In some embodiments, the working fluid absorbs thermal energy and evaporates to provide the vapor stream that includes entrained droplets. At least a portion of the entrained droplets absorbs thermal energy from the working fluid to evaporate when the vapor stream flows through the demister. In some embodiments, the liquid-vapor separator includes a passive demisting portion that demists by obstructing at least a portion of the entrained droplets.

A multistage flash (MSF) desalination system is described. The MSF desalination system comprises a feed tank, a brine heater (BH), an MSF tower with n number of stages, n−1 number of condensers each with an inlet and an outlet, and a desalinated water tank. Herein, the feed tank is connected to a first pump, which is connected to the BH; the MSF tower comprises a stepped pyramid shape with n number of connected chambers. The n number of stages each contains at least one flash spray nozzle and a demister. The flash spray nozzles are fluidly connected to drainage of the previous stage, with the flash spray nozzle in the first stage connected to the BH. Further, the condensers are connected to the demisters in n−1 stages and to the next condenser, with the last condenser connected to a second pump, which is connected to the desalinated water tank.

A harmful substance removal system and method include a direct contact liquid concentrator having a gas inlet, a gas outlet, a mixing chamber disposed between the gas inlet and the gas outlet, and a liquid inlet for importing liquid into the mixing chamber. Gas and liquid mixing in the are mixed chamber and a portion of the liquid is vaporized. A demister is disposed downstream of the mixing chamber. The demister includes at least one stage of mist elimination having a first filter that removes particles greater than 9 microns. A fan is coupled to the demister to assist gas flow through the mixing chamber.

There is provided a system and process for concentrating Brix in a liquid using a bimodal vacuum and pressurized falling film evaporator for producing concentrated nectar and/or concentrated syrup products, wherein in the vacuum mode the system produces concentrated nectar having a Brix of 60 to 70%, and wherein the pressurized mode, the system produces concentrated syrup having a Brix of 66 to 67%.