Systems for purifying 1,3-butadiene are provided. An exemplary system includes a first distillation column, a second distillation column, and interconnections between the first and second distillation columns. A first interconnection can feed a liquid stream from the second distillation column to the first, while a second interconnection can feed a gas stream from the second distillation column to the first. Processes for purifying 1,3-butadiene are also provided.

Disclosed is a vapor splitter including: a chimney tray dividing an internal space of a housing into an upper space and a lower space; a chimney provided on the chimney tray to enable the upper space and the lower space to communicate with each other; a cap covering the chimney with a gap therebetween such that a gas discharge hole is formed so that gas, coming out through the chimney, can be transferred to the upper space through the gas discharge hole; a liquid feeding unit for feeding liquid to the upper space; and a liquid discharging unit for discharging the liquid out of the upper space. The size of the gas discharge hole is adjusted by controlling the height of the liquid collected on the chimney. Further disclosed is a method of adjusting a vapor split ratio using the vapor splitter.

A diaryl carbonate containing a compound of the following formula (I) in an amount of less than 1,000 ppm by mass, and a method for producing the same:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, or an aryloxy group.

The present invention relates to the field of distillation of isotopes obtained by distillation columns. An object of the present invention is to describe an innovative distillation column which provides significant improvements to the prior art. In particular, the distillation column will be a modular innovatively conceived column having any needed height.

Flowing a first buffer fluid and a second buffer fluid through a heat exchanger network thermally coupled to heat sources of a Natural Gas Liquid (NGL) fractionation plant, and transferring heat from the heat sources to the first buffer fluid and the second buffer fluid. Generating power via a first sub-system thermally coupled to the heat exchanger network and generating potable water from brackish water via a second sub-system thermally coupled to the heat exchanger network.

An emergency distillation column (2) is disclosed, connected to a plant wherein a main distillation column (1) is present. Such connection occurs by means of by-pass of the pipes which supply said main column, which by-pass has stopping means of the liquid which allow the supply of said emergency column when the pressure drops downstream of the main column exceed a preset threshold value. Preferably, said stopping means are shut-off valves (28; 33; 35).

A process of use of a column (2) is furthermore described as in any one of the preceding claims wherein the pressure difference between inflow and outflow of the liquid being distilled is measured continuously and compared against a dedicated threshold.

Finally, a plant for the regeneration of waste oils is disclosed, comprising a distillation column, which furthermore comprises an emergency distillation column (2), as previously defined.

Certain aspects of natural gas liquid fractionation plant waste heat conversion to simultaneous power and potable water using Kalina Cycle and modified multi-effect-distillation system can be implemented as a system. The system includes a waste heat recovery heat exchanger network coupled to multiple heat sources of a Natural Gas Liquid (NGL) fractionation plant. The heat exchanger network is configured to transfer at least a portion of heat generated at the multiple heat sources to a first buffer fluid and a second buffer fluid flowed through the first heat exchanger network. The system includes a first sub-system configured to generate power. The first sub-system is thermally coupled to the waste heat recovery heat exchanger. The system includes a second sub-system configured to generate potable water from brackish water. The second sub-system is thermally coupled to the waste heat recovery heat exchanger.

The present application relates to a distillation device. The distillation device of the present application can minimize energy loss occurring in a purification process of the olefin monomer, the solvent, and the raw material including, for example, 1-octene, iso-octene, and n-hexane, used in a polymerization process of the polyolefin elastomer, and can increase economic efficiency by isolating a high-purity product.

A method of real-time prognosis of a flooding phenomenon in a packed column includes steps as follows. An online data collection step is conducted, wherein a plurality of values of a pressure drop are collected from the packed column under operation. A detrending step is conducted to obtain a plurality of values of a detrended pressure drop. A fitting step is conducted, wherein the values of the detrended pressure drop are fitted with an EGARCH(p, q) model to obtain a value of at least one of model coefficients. A repeat step is conducted to obtain another value of the at least one of model coefficients. A statistical step is conducted, wherein a value of the monitoring statistic is calculated. A control step is conducted, wherein the value of the monitoring statistic is compared to a control limit.

The present invention relates to a column (CO) for the exchange of material and, if appropriate, heat between a gas and a liquid. The exchange column (CO) comprises at least one collector tray and a system for distributing liquid arranged between two packing beds (7), and means for recirculating the liquid (8). The means for recirculating the liquid (8) connect a zone situated below the packing bed (7) to a zone situated above the distributor tray.