A method for purification and separation of cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol, e.g., from the dried hemp and cannabis leaves can use a continuous simulated moving bed process and a combination of one or more of a sequence of purification steps including: filtration, decolorization, activation or decarboxylation, dewaxing, polishing, and crystallization to separate a cannabinoid from the cannabis plant and to provide various cannabinoid products. The cannabinoid products can be used in various pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.

A method for purification and separation of cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol, e.g., from dried hemp and cannabis leaves can use a continuous simulated moving bed process, a batch column chromatography method, or a single column, and a combination of one or more of a sequence of purification steps including: filtration, decolorization, activation or decarboxylation, dewaxing, polishing, and crystallization to separate a cannabinoid from the cannabis plant and to provide various cannabinoid products. The cannabinoid products can be used in various pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.

The present invention relates to an apparatus (1) for separation of a target product from a liquid phase P comprising the target product, comprising at least one primary space (3) for a heat transfer medium W, at least one first feed unit (5a) and one first removal unit (5b) for the heat transfer medium W, at least one secondary space (7) for the liquid phase P, at least one second feed unit (9) for the liquid phase P, at least one crystallization surface (13) which divides the primary space (3) and the secondary space (7), at least one second removal unit (15) for the target product and at least one application unit (11) for a liquid phase P.sub.0 essentially directly to the crystallization surface (13) or the surfaces of lines that conduct the heat transfer medium W. The present invention further relates to a process for removing a target product from a liquid phase P comprising the target product.

A heat storage apparatus according to the present disclosure includes a heat storage material and a member. The heat storage material forms a clathrate hydrate by cooling. The member has a surface with a plurality of holes. In the case that the lattice constant of the clathrate hydrate is denoted by L and the outside diameter of a cage included in the clathrate hydrate is denoted by D, the plurality of holes are spaced at intervals of 1L to 10L, and each of the plurality of holes has a hole diameter of 1D to 20D.

The invention discloses a purification method, system and a detection method of N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO), and a N-methylmorpholine N-oxide obtained thereof. The NMMO is derived from a NMMO crude product prepared by the reaction of N-methylmorpholine with hydrogen peroxide. The mass concentration of NMMO in the NMMO crude product is 50% to 60%. The purification method includes: performing cooling crystallization to the NMMO crude product between ?20? C. and 78? C. to obtain crystalline NMMO. The NMMO purification method has a low cost, a high purity of the obtained NMMO product, and almost no generation of exhaust gas, waste water, and solid waste. Different from current NMMO purification process, the purification method of the invention does not require ion-exchange resin, thus completely solved problems of significant amount of wastewater with high concentration of salt and COD and spent ion-exchange resin caused by the regeneration of ion-exchange resin.

The present invention relates to the use of cannabidiol (CBD) in the treatment of focal seizures. In one embodiment the patients suffering from focal seizures are children and young adults. CBD appears particularly effective in reducing focal seizures in patients suffering with etiologies that include: Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome; Tuberous Sclerosis Complex; Dravet Syndrome; CDKL5; Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL); febrile infection related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES); Aicardi syndrome and brain abnormalities in comparison to other seizure types. Significantly CBD additionally is very effective in the reduction of a sub-type of focal seizures, focal seizures with impairment.

A method for refining lithium from a crude brine includes charging a crude brine into a feeder tank held at a temperature T.sub.1 and containing a sufficient carbonate source to precipitate all carbonate-forming solids in the crude brine to form a precipitate mixture and a crystal free supernatant; pumping the crystal free supernatant from the feeder tank to a first crystallization reactor that is held at a temperature T.sub.2 to crystallize a lithium carbonate salt out of the crystal free supernatant; wherein the temperature T.sub.1 is lower than the temperature T.sub.2; and controlling a flow rate to maintain a steady state concentration of the lithium carbonate salt in the solution phase of the crystallization reactor.

A water treatment process (10) includes, in a crystallisation stage (12), passing a saline water feed (16) through an elongate conduit kept in a cold environment at a temperature below the equilibrium freezing temperature of the saline water, forming a slurry of brine and ice crystals inside the conduit, and, in a separation stage (14), separating the ice crystals from a bulk of the brine, producing a brine stream (22) and an ice stream (26). The elongate conduit is of a material, or has an inner material layer in contact with the saline water and with the slurry of brine and ice crystals, with a thermal conductivity of less than 5 W/m.Math.K and has a length configured to ensure formation of the slurry of brine and ice crystals in the conduit at the flow rate of the saline water feed through the elongate conduit.

The present invention generally relates to systems and methods for pressure driven flow crystallization. In some embodiments, the system comprises a comprising a cavity and a mixing mechanism. In some embodiments, one or more inlets facilitate the transfer of one or more reagent streams to the cavity. In some such embodiments, the mixing mechanism mixes the first and second reagent streams such that a continuous crystallization and/or generation of a product (e.g., solid particles) in the fluid.

The present invention relates to a method for fractionating a crude mixture comprising at least one oil and at least one wax, which comprises the following steps: (a) mixing the crude mixture with a solvent to obtain a crude solvent-mixture, (b) carrying out at least one crystallization stage with the solvent-mixture obtained in step (a) to prepare a first fraction containing dewaxed oil and a second fraction containing slack wax, (c) carrying out at least one crystallization stage with the second fraction obtained in step (b) in a layer crystallizer, wherein to the second fraction prior to the crystallization in step (c) no solvent or at most 100% by weight of solvent relative to the weight of the second fraction are added, to prepare a third fraction containing hard wax having an oil content of at most 1.5% by weight and a fourth fraction containing soft wax having an oil content of more than 1.5% by weight and (d) circulating at least a part of the fourth fraction into at least one of the at least one crystallization stage of step (b).