A method for the extraction and isolation of the terpene and isoprenoid compounds from plant material, followed by a centrifugal force induced selective crystallization of isoprenoids resulting in a separation of terpene and isoprenoid fractions. This this method is suitable for the extraction of cannabinoids from Cannabis and the enrichment tetrahydrocannabinolic acid and reduction of tetrahydrocannabinol in an extract. The purity of tetrahydrocannabinolic acid resulting from centrifugal crystallization is such that dissolution and selective recrystallization of tetrahydrocannabinolic acid is possible resulting in >99.9% pure tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, w/w.

A process for preparing solid sodium carbonate monohydrate from a solution of sodium carbonate is described.

The present disclosure is directed to methods for treating an organic material, including the steps of transporting the organic material into a first vessel; heating the organic material in the first vessel and applying a negative pressure to the organic material in the first vessel to a boiling point of the organic material, wherein the heat and negative pressure separates a portion of an ammonia from the organic material; removing the portion of the ammonia from the first vessel; transporting the removed portion of the ammonia from the first vessel to an acid solution in a second vessel; and separating a portion of the ammonia from the acid solution.

The present invention discloses a method for quickly extracting lithium carbonate from saline lake water and a system for the same. The method comprises: first quick-freezing the saline lake water to obtain lithium-rich brine, then evaporating under reduced pressure to enable lithium carbonate to be rapidly precipitated out. The method has advantages of short process flow and less labor consumption, thereby enabling continuous automatic operation, high energy utilization and environment-friendly. Further, the crystallization rate is several times faster than that of the salt-pan process and the grade of lithium carbonate salt mine obtained can reach 95% or more, therefore the method of the present invention is particularly suitable for industrial production in the remote saline lake region. The system comprises a reduced-pressure evaporation crystallizer, a vacuum-pumping apparatus, a brine preheating apparatus and a brine cooling apparatus, which concentrates the brine by quick-evaporation of the water, promotes lithium carbonate to form non-uniform nucleus, and improves the crystallization efficiency.

The present invention provides a continuous process for producing ammonium sulfate crystals, wherein said process comprises: (a) feeding to a first group of crystallization sections, which crystallization sections are heat integrated in series, a first aqueous ammonium sulfate solution that contains one or more impurities; (b) feeding to a second group of crystallization sections, which crystallization sections are heat integrated in series, a second aqueous ammonium sulfate solution that contains one or more impurities; (c) crystallizing ammonium sulfate crystals in each crystallization section respectively from each of said solutions of ammonium sulfate that contain one or more impurities; (d) purging a fraction of the ammonium sulfate solution that contains one or more impurities from each of said crystallization sections; and (e) discharging ammonium sulfate crystals from each crystallization section, characterized in that: (i) both the first group of crystallization sections and the second group of crystallization sections are together heat integrated in one series of crystallization sections; wherein the first group of crystallization sections operates at higher temperature than the second group of crystallization sections; and (ii) the composition of the first aqueous ammonium sulfate solution that contains one or more impurities is different to the composition of the second aqueous ammonium sulfate solution that contains one or more impurities. Further provided is apparatus suitable for producing ammonium sulfate crystals.

The present invention refers to new amorphous and crystalline solid forms of desvenlafaxine, also known as O-desmethylvenlafaxine or desmethylvenlafaxine, and to its salts, solvates, hydrates and polymorphs thereof, as well as to their use in the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition useful in the treatment of depression and/or as a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and also in menopause-associated vasomotor disorders.

The present invention discloses a method for quickly extracting lithium carbonate from saline lake water and a system for the same. The method comprises: first quick-freezing the saline lake water to obtain lithium-rich brine, then evaporating under reduced pressure to enable lithium carbonate to be rapidly precipitated out. The method has advantages of short process flow and less labor consumption, thereby enabling continuous automatic operation, high energy utilization and environment-friendly. Further, the crystallization rate is several times faster than that of the salt-pan process and the grade of lithium carbonate salt mine obtained can reach 95% or more, therefore the method of the present invention is particularly suitable for industrial production in the remote saline lake region. The system comprises a reduced-pressure evaporation crystallizer, a vacuum-pumping apparatus, a brine preheating apparatus and a brine cooling apparatus, which concentrates the brine by quick-evaporation of the water, promotes lithium carbonate to form non-uniform nucleus, and improves the crystallization efficiency.

The present invention discloses a method for quickly extracting lithium carbonate from saline lake water and a system for the same. The method comprises: first quick-freezing the saline lake water to obtain lithium-rich brine, then evaporating under reduced pressure to enable lithium carbonate to be rapidly precipitated out. The method has advantages of short process flow and less labor consumption, thereby enabling continuous automatic operation, high energy utilization and environment-friendly. Further, the crystallization rate is several times faster than that of the salt-pan process and the grade of lithium carbonate salt mine obtained can reach 95% or more, therefore the method of the present invention is particularly suitable for industrial production in the remote saline lake region. The system comprises a reduced-pressure evaporation crystallizer, a vacuum-pumping apparatus, a brine preheating apparatus and a brine cooling apparatus, which concentrates the brine by quick-evaporation of the water, promotes lithium carbonate to form non-uniform nucleus, and improves the crystallization efficiency.

Disclosed is a process for the preparation of a urea product suitable for being diluted with water so as to form an aqueous urea comprising solution for use in a unit for the reduction of NOx in combustion engine exhaust gases, also known as Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) or to be used in De NOx systems of exhaust vapor from industrial furnaces. The process comprises obtaining an aqueous urea solution from or after a recovery section in a urea production process. This solution, which has a low content of impurities, is subjected to flash crystallization at a low pressure, so as to obtain a solid crystallized urea containing product, which is a free-flowing powder containing less than 0.2 wt. % water. This product is packaged under conditions such that the water content in the packaged product is maintained below 0.2 wt. %. The invention can also be used in a method of increasing the capacity of an existing urea plant.

A cyclone type liquid-vapor separator includes a chamber including: an internal space wherein the treatment liquid introduced into the internal space is depressurized and evaporated; a vapor outlet formed on a top of the chamber and through which vapors generated through the evaporation is discharged; and a concentrated liquid outlet formed on a bottom of the chamber and through which the concentrated treatment liquid is discharged; an inlet part coupled to a side surface of the chamber in a tangent line direction of an inner peripheral surface of the chamber, the treatment liquid introduced into the chamber is turned in the form of vortexes along the inner peripheral surface of the chamber; and at least one partition wall disposed in an area between the inlet part and the vapor outlet of the internal space of the chamber and protruding from the inner peripheral wall of the chamber to prevent mist contained in the vapors from moving upwardly.