Equipment and procedure for extraction of solids from contaminated fluids whose basic purpose is to obtain the crystallised solids from the contaminated fluids, without any type of rejection in order to valorize them and to obtain purified water in a single stage, all in a continuous adiabatic/sonic process with evaporation/crystallisation and with low energy consumption and where the procedure is characterised by being constituted basically by at least three circuits fully interconnected as a single piece of equipment where the first circuit, the principal circuit, is constituted by an inlet duct of the contaminated fluid to be treated (1) followed by a pre-filter (2) followed by a filter for fine particles (3), a heat exchanger of preheated contaminated fluid (5) in the heat exchanger (4), followed by a fluid feedback pump (6) to a nozzle formed by an injector (7) and an ejector (8), which introduce the fluid to an evaporation chamber (9), where the steam that exits is introduced into a closed-loop electromagnetic servomechanism (26), an saturated steam ejector outlet (32), driven to the heat exchanger (4), outlet (13) as purified water from the saturated steam (22).

A crystalline pigment or colorant composition having high color intensity and/or low sugar content, and methods and processes of preparation. The composition may comprise purified fruit and/or vegetable color juices.

A method of crystallizing a solution (24) having at least one compound mixed (18) with a dissolving agent (20) is provided. The method includes performing a heating process by heating the solution (24) until a current temperature of the solution is equal to a predetermined treatment temperature, maintaining the current temperature at the predetermined treatment temperature for a predetermined treatment time period, performing a cooling process by cooling the solution (24) until the current temperature is less than the predetermined treatment temperature and a crystallization temperature of the at least one compound (18), causing formation of a plurality of crystal particles (30) of the at least one compound by cooling the solution until the current temperature is equal to a predetermined termination temperature of the at least one compound (18), and varying a particle size of each of the crystal particles (30) based on a cooling speed of the solution.

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of wastewater treatment, and provides a wastewater treatment method and apparatus based on hydrate-based water vapor adsorption. The apparatus includes a wastewater evaporation zone, a hydrate formation zone, a hydrate decomposition zone, and a data acquisition and control system. Rising water vapor and condensed water formed during evaporation of wastewater at normal temperature react with a hydrate former on a cooling wall surface to form a hydrate, continuous evaporation of the wastewater is promoted, the hydrate is scraped off to a collecting zone below by a scraper after being formed, and the hydrate is decomposed into fresh water, thereby realizing wastewater treatment. The present disclosure provides a method for treating complex wastewater containing a plurality of pollutants, where water vapor is consumed to form the hydrate to promote wastewater evaporation, and water obtained from the decomposition does not contain pollutants theoretically.

A crystalline pigment or colorant composition having high color intensity and/or low sugar content, and methods and processes of preparation. The composition may comprise purified fruit and/or vegetable color juices.

A crystalline pigment or colorant composition having high color intensity and/or low sugar content, and methods and processes of preparation. The composition may comprise purified fruit and/or vegetable color juices.

A method for preparing a purified styrene composition with a styrene yield of at least 80%. The method comprises providing a crude composition containing styrene, and subjecting the crude composition to at least one crystallization step. The at least one crystallization step comprises at least one static crystallization stage and at least one dynamic crystallization stage.

A refining method according to the present invention is a refining method for crystallizing a compound with at least one crystal form, including: setting, as a target wavelength, a specific infrared wavelength at which a specific crystal form precipitates from a solution of the compound dissolved in a solvent; and using an infrared radiation apparatus capable of emitting infrared radiation including the target wavelength to evaporate the solvent and precipitate the specific crystal form while irradiating the solution with infrared radiation including the target wavelength. The specific infrared wavelength is preferably set as the target wavelength based on an infrared absorption spectrum of the crystal form and the dissolution rate of the compound in the solvent.

Methods and systems for producing lithium hydroxide and lithium carbonate are described. One or more embodiments involve reacting potassium hydroxide with lithium chloride or lithium nitrate to create a reciprocal salt system, and precipitation to form lithium hydroxide and potassium chloride crystals, potassium nitrate crystals, or any combination thereof. In certain embodiments, lithium chloride feedstock, nitrate feedstock, or mixture thereof, is obtained by reacting lithium sulfate with calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, or combination thereof. Additional embodiments include producing lithium carbonate, including, but not limited to, by reacting lithium hydroxide with carbon dioxide.

Embodiments provide methods and structures for purification or volume reduction of a brine by an advanced vacuum distillation process (AVMD) to achieve higher flux by passage of vapors through an AVMD distillation unit. In one example, brine is circulated in a tank. The tank may include one or more membrane pouches that are submerged in the circulating brine or placed above the water level of the hot circulating brine. In other embodiments the membrane pouches are outside of the tank that includes the hot circulating brine but still in communication with it. The circulating brine is heated, allowing creation of water vapor. Using a vacuum, the water vapor is drawn through the membrane, where it may be condensed and subjected to further beneficial use. This process can concentrate to levels to generate crystals or solids, which can be separated and utilized.