Processes are described for obtaining highly purified tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCa) from Cannabis. Solvent extraction is performed on plant material or extract, followed by removal of impurities using sequential liquid-liquid extractions to purify cannabinoid carboxylic acids therefrom based on chemical properties of carboxylate salts. The product liquor, comprising THCa in solvent, is largely free of impurities, and high in THCa. Further steps can be conducted to obtain a highly enriched solution using chromatography and subsequent crystallization of THCa in 99% purity. THCa can be used as starting material for other products that include THC by decarboxylation. Optionally, triglyceride extraction of a washed aqueous phase can be used to prepare a THCa composition without chromatographic purification. A pre-processing aqueous extraction with pH manipulations may be used to remove biomass prior to solvent extraction, while maintaining THCa and optionally other cannabinoid acids.

Purified and modified Cannabis products and methods for producing the same. The purified Cannabis product comprises substantially no volatile organic compounds while retaining Total Potential cannabinoid content. The modified Cannabis product comprises a purified Cannabis product modified by at least one added volatile unsaturated hydrocarbon. The modified Cannabis product is formed by extracting a volatile organic compound from a Cannabis raw material to form a purified Cannabis product, and then adding the at least one volatile unsaturated hydrocarbon to the purified Cannabis product to form the modified Cannabis product and cause an enhanced user experience during combustion and inhalation of the modified Cannabis product.

A method may include: introducing a fluid comprising a first immiscible phase and a second immiscible phase into a contacting vessel comprising multiple contact stages: flowing the fluid through a first fiber bundle disposed in the contacting vessel; separating at least a portion of the first immiscible phase from the second immiscible phase; and flowing the separated portion of the first immiscible phase through a second fiber bundle disposed in the contacting vessel.

There are provided methods of treating a catalyst-containing reactor system with a liquid solvent to remove contaminants from the reactor system. An exemplary method includes the steps of: isolating the reactor system to be treated from upstream and downstream equipment; reducing the temperature and pressure of the isolated reactor system by flushing with a hydrogen rich gas; injecting a non-aqueous liquid solvent into the reactor system at an injection point while continuously flowing hydrogen-rich gas through the reactor system; maintaining the solvent in a liquid state while flowing the solvent continuously through the reactor system; and terminating the step of injecting solvent and terminating the continuous flowing of hydrogen-rich gas. The exemplary method is free of the injecting of a carrier gas into the reactor system comprising alkanes selected from the methane, ethane, propane, butane and pentane.

A method and system for deodorizing an edible oil or fat. The method includes stripping substances from the oil or fat with a stripping medium at high temperature at a pressure of less than 5 mbar, and reducing volume and increasing pressure of the stripping medium in a multi-step process. In a first step the volume of the stripping medium is reduced by cooling it using a first heat transfer fluid loop at a first temperature, and the pressure is increased to a first intermediate pressure. In a second step the volume is reduced by cooling using a second heat transfer fluid loop at a second temperature, and it he pressure is increased to a second intermediate pressure. In a third step the volume is reduced by cooling using a third heat transfer fluid loop at a third temperature, and the pressure is increased to atmospheric pressure.

A method of manufacturing a cobalt-nickel-containing solution including: preparing a crude nickel hydroxide and/or a crude cobalt hydroxide as a starting material, the crude nickel or cobalt hydroxide containing cobalt and nickel and elements except the cobalt and nickel as impurities, the crude nickel hydroxide containing the nickel more than the cobalt, and the crude cobalt hydroxide containing the cobalt more than the nickel; a water-washing process for obtaining a post-water-washing crude hydroxide from the starting material; a leaching process for obtaining a post-leaching solution from the post-water-washing crude hydroxide; a neutralization process of subjecting the post-leaching solution to neutralization and solid-liquid-separation to remove the impurities as a post-neutralization residue containing one or more of iron, silicon, aluminum, and chromium, thereby obtaining a post-neutralization solution; and an extraction process of subjecting the post-neutralization solution to solvent extraction to obtain a post-extraction solution containing cobalt and nickel with the impurities reduced.

Described herein are a method of preparing a vegetable oil, comprising pressing a non-fruit tissue of a date palm offshoot, as well as a vegetable oil and a polysaccharide-containing fraction obtained by such a method. Further described herein is an oil comprising esters of fatty acids, wherein at least 10 weight percent of the fatty acids are linolelaidic acid, as well as compositions comprising a variety of ingredients, such as saccharides and amino acids, as characterized herein, and a method of isolating dihydrouracil from an oil and/or composition described herein. Further described is a method of preparing a vegetable oil, comprising pressing date kernel tissue.

Disclosed is a method for treating water, including the extraction of at least two ionic species, the ionic species including an anionic species and a cationic species and being present in the water to be treated, the method especially including a step of mixing a liquid hydrophobic organic phase and the water to be treated, the water to be treated being in the liquid state, in order to subsequently obtain liquid treated water and a hydrophobic liquid organic phase loaded with the ionic species, and a step of thermal regeneration of the organic phase loaded with chemical species. Also disclosed are compounds and compositions that can be used in the method.

The disclosure discloses a method for quickly and accurately analyzing polyphenol content in rapeseed oil, and belongs to the field of analysis of natural compounds. The separation method of the disclosure uses acetonitrile-water as an extractant to extract polyphenols from the rapeseed oil, and cooperates with a C.sub.18 adsorbent for purification, and then performs separation and purification. Compared with the traditional liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction, the method has an average recovery rate of polyphenols in the rapeseed oil of 81.31% to 102.95%, and RSDs of 0.86% to 8.03%, and has higher accuracy and precision. The method of the disclosure not only uses less organic reagents and causes less environmental pollution, but also reduces matrix interference and improves purification efficiency through optimization of the adsorbent. The method of the disclosure not only is simple to operate and low in cost, but also has less matrix interference and accurate results, and is suitable for the qualitative and quantitative determination of polyphenols in the rapeseed oil.

A method for separating aromatic hydrocarbons by an extractive distillation, comprising introducing a hydrocarbon mixture containing aromatic hydrocarbons into the middle of an extractive distillation column (8); introducing an extraction solvent into the upper part of the extractive distillation column; after an extractive distillation, a raffinate containing benzene is discharged from the top of the column, wherein the benzene content is 3-40% by mass, and sent to the lower part of the extraction column (10); the extraction solvent is introduced to the upper part of the extraction column for a liquid-liquid extraction; a raffinate liquid free of aromatic hydrocarbons is discharged from the top of the extraction column; a rich solvent containing benzene is discharged from the bottom of the column and enters the upper-middle part of the extractive distillation column; the rich solvent obtained at the bottom of the extractive distillation column is sent to the solvent recovery column to separate the aromatic hydrocarbons and the solvent. By combining an extractive distillation with a liquid-liquid extraction ingeniously, the method can achieve the separation of aromatic hydrocarbons with a high purity and a high recovery rate, and a significant decrease of the energy consumption in the extraction and separation process.