A lubricating oil composition including: a lubricating base oil; (A) a first defoaming agent, the first defoaming agent being (A1) a first polymer, or (A2) a second polymer, or any combination thereof; and (B) a second defoaming agent, the second defoaming agent being a silicone defoaming agent, the (A1) first polymer including: a first polymer chain including a polysiloxane structure, the polysiloxane structure having a polymerization degree of 5 to 2000 and being represented by the following general formula (1); and a second polymer chain bonded with the first polymer chain, the second polymer chain including a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (2), the (A2) second polymer being a copolymer of a first monomer component and a second monomer component, the first monomer component represented by the general formula (7) or (8), the second monomer component represented by the general formula (9). ##STR00001##

Polyesters, such as those formed using polyols and di- or tri-carboxylic acids or anhydrides or salts thereof, are used as foam control agents in foodstuff processing. The polyesters are biodegradable and biocompatible while still providing excellent foam control capacity. In addition, polyesters foam control agents of the disclosure can be used with various apparatus while avoiding forming films that otherwise affect apparatus function. The polyesters can be used at various stages during industrial processing of vegetables (e.g., potatoes and beets) and fruits.

Methods of preparing highly purified steviol glycosides, particularly steviolmonoside, steviolmonoside A, steviolbioside, steviolbioside D, rubusoside, steviolbioside A, steviolbioside B, rebaudioside B, stevioside, rebaudioside G, stevioside A, stevioside B, stevioside C, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside E2, rebaudioside E4, rebaudioside E6, rebaudioside E3, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside 1, rebaudioside AM, rebaudioside D7, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside M4, rebaudioside 1a, rebaudioside 1b, rebaudioside 1c, rebaudioside 1d, rebaudioside 1e, rebaudioside 1f rebaudioside 1g, rebaudioside 1h, rebaudioside 1i, rebaudioside 1j, rebaudioside 1k, rebaudioside 1l, rebaudioside 1m, rebaudioside 1n, rebaudioside 2a and/or SvG7 are described. The methods include utilizing enzyme preparations and recombinant microorganisms for converting various staring compositions to target steviol glycosides. The highly purified steviol glycosides are useful as non-caloric sweetener, flavor enhancer, sweetness enhancer, and foaming suppressor in edible and chewable compositions such as any beverages, confectioneries, bakery products, cookies, and chewing gums.

Rapid and long lasting defoaming is accomplished by use of a defoamer formulation employing an organopolysiloxane having siloxy groups linked by an alkylene group, a filler, a silicone resin, a silanol-terminated organopolysiloxane, and an inorganic or organic acid.

Defoamer compositions which act rapidly and over an extended period of time employ organopolysiloxanes having alkylene linking groups bridging siloxy groups, a filler, a silicone resin, and phosphoric acid.

Defoamer formulations with rapid knockdown and extended performance contain specific polyorganosiloxanes having alkylene linkages between siloxy groups, silicone resins, fillers, a polyoxyethylene surfactant, and an organic or inorganic acid.

Cellulose derivatives comprising a hydroxyethyl group, such as hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, are used as foam control agents in foodstuff processing. The cellulose derivatives are biodegradable while still providing excellent foam control capacity. In addition, cellulose derivatives foam control agents of the disclosure can be used with various apparatus while avoiding forming films that otherwise affect apparatus function. The cellulose derivatives can be used at various stages during industrial processing of vegetables (e.g., potatoes and beets) and fruits.

Alkyl ether amines are used as foam control compounds in foodstuff processing. The alkyl ether amines can be used at various stages during industrial processing of vegetables, fruits, and plants, such as potatoes and beets. The alkyl ether amines are generally of lower molecular weights and therefore easily transported to the foam layer to break the foam structure. Further, the alkyl ether amines are water soluble and therefore can be readily removed from the food processing system.

Anionic switchable hydrophilicity solvents (ASHS) that can be reversibly converted between hydrophobic and hydrophilic forms are described. The ASHS comprise a carboxylic acid, a water-soluble base, water, and addition and removal of an acidic gas (CO2) effects the conversion between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic forms. A system and method for forming the ASHS are described, as well as applications utilizing the ASHS, including a method for separating a selected substance from a mixture, a method of removing gas from polymeric foam, and a method of extracting a hydrophobic material from a solid that is at least partially coated by the hydrophobic material.

The present invention provides improved methods for purifying and/or removing oily particles, and/or contaminants suspended or dissolved in water. In particular the process relates to an additive composition that has the appropriate surfactant characteristics for effectively removing an oil phase from an oil/aqueous mixed phase via foam fractionation. According to the invention, a hydrophobically modified polymer that acts as an associative thickener is combined with surfactant in appropriate ratios to facilitate oil removal for water purification in any of a number of commercial, environmental and industrial applications.