A silicone defoamer composition of a type which defoams by being previously added to a foaming liquid includes a composite particle group of an oil containing silicone and silica.

This invention relates to a defoamer active. The defoamer active may include hydrophobized silica particles obtained by treating silica particles with a hydrophobilizing agent. The silica particles may have a BET surface of less than about 150 m.sup.2/g, a surface pH of at least about 10, and a median particle size ranging from about 2 μm to about 50 μm. The carbon content of the hydrophobized silica particles may not be more than 3%.

A wetting agent according to Formula (I):

##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 is selected from a branched alkyl group or linear alkyl group or a cycloaliphatic group or an aromatic group, each having 6 to 15 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 is selected from hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; R.sup.3 is selected from hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; R.sup.4 is selected from hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; R.sup.5 is selected from methyl or ethyl; x ranges from 0 to 5; y ranges from 0 to 10; z ranges from 1 to 10; with the proviso that when x ranges from 1 to 5, R.sup.2 is different from R.sup.3; and with the proviso that when x=0, R.sup.3 is different from R.sup.4. The wetting agent also imparts anti-foam properties to aqueous solutions while reducing surface tension.

Methods of and systems for controlling dosing of drainage aid and optionally defoamer to brown stock of a brown stock washing process are provided. Certain embodiments of the invention provide independent control of drainage aid and/or defoamer to brown stock, which tends to provide improved efficiency in dosing each of the drainage aid and the defoamer.

This invention relates to a defoamer active. The defoamer active may include hydrophobized aluminum silicate particles. Aluminum silicate particles having a surface pH of at least about 9.6 and a BET surface area of less than about 150 m2/g are treated with a hydrophobilizing agent to provide the hydrophobized aluminum silicate particles. The defoamer actives are useful to prepare defoamer compositions which are useful for preventing or reducing foam in various aqueous systems.

Disclosed herein is a method of reducing the vapor pressure of a processed crude oil, wherein such vapor pressure reduction is sufficient to allow safe transportation of the oil. After high-pressure processing for off gassing and subsequent low-pressure separation of water, a processed crude oil may still have sufficient vapor pressure to create hazardous conditions if the oil is transported. This disclosure reports that as little as 10 ppb of certain siloxane polymers applied to such processed crude oils results in treated oils with reduced vapor pressure. Vapor pressure reduction is typically about 1 psi to 10 psi after the application of the disclosed siloxane polymers.

A defoaming agent including a polymer, the polymer including: at least one first polymer chain including a polysiloxane structure represented by the following general formula (1); and at least one second polymer chain including a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (2) and bonded to the first polymer chain: ##STR00001##
wherein in the formula (1), repeating units may be in any order; each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is independently a C.sub.1-18 organic group comprising no fluorine atom; at least one of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is the organic group comprising no less than 3 fluorine atoms; m is an integer of no less than 1; and n+m is 5 to 2000, ##STR00002##
wherein in the formula (2), X.sup.1 is a repeating unit obtainable by polymerization of an ethylenic unsaturated group; Y.sup.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-40 hydrocarbyl group; and Z.sup.1 is a linking group linking X.sup.1 and Y.sup.1.

A defoaming agent including a polymer, the polymer including: at least one first polymer chain including a polysiloxane structure represented by the following general formula (1); and at least one second polymer chain including a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (2) and bonded to the first polymer chain: ##STR00001##
wherein in the formula (1), repeating units may be in any order; each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is independently a C.sub.1-18 organic group comprising no fluorine atom; at least one of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is the organic group comprising no less than 3 fluorine atoms; m is an integer of no less than 1; and n+m is 5 to 2000, ##STR00002##
wherein in the formula (2), X.sup.1 is a repeating unit obtainable by polymerization of an ethylenic unsaturated group; Y.sup.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-40 hydrocarbyl group; and Z.sup.1 is a linking group linking X.sup.1 and Y.sup.1.

Methods are provided for defoaming water used in processing of various products such as cellulose or wood-based products or in food processing which is formed by reacting a fatty acid with a compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia, sodium, potassium and combinations thereof so as to form a water soluble soap, dispersing the water soluble soap in water, and homogenizing the dispersed water soluble soap with hydrophobic oil or hydrocarbon oil to produce the emulsion. Methods for preparing an emulsion used in this process are also provided. The emulsion is advantageous in that it can improve water resistance and/or reduce the use of water resistant additives during processing of cellulose or wood-based products or food-grade products.

Methods are provided for defoaming water used in processing of various products such as cellulose or wood-based products or in food processing which is formed by reacting a fatty acid with a compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia, sodium, potassium and combinations thereof so as to form a water soluble soap, dispersing the water soluble soap in water, and homogenizing the dispersed water soluble soap with hydrophobic oil or hydrocarbon oil to produce the emulsion. Methods for preparing an emulsion used in this process are also provided. The emulsion is advantageous in that it can improve water resistance and/or reduce the use of water resistant additives during processing of cellulose or wood-based products or food-grade products.