A system for treating ethylene oxide-containing sterilization exhaust gas comprises a reaction column further comprising a column body, and an inner cavity configured to contain a liquid substrate for catalyzing ethylene oxide in ethylene oxide-containing sterilization exhaust gas; wherein the column body comprises a bottom portion having a gas inlet pipe and a liquid outlet pipe, the gas inlet pipe configured to inject the ethylene oxide-containing sterilization exhaust gas into the inner cavity and the liquid outlet pipe configured to discharge the liquid substrate from the inner cavity; and wherein, the column body comprises a top portion comprising a gas outlet pipe having a gas inlet above a liquid level of the liquid substrate; and at least one gas distributor configured to disperse the ethylene oxide-containing sterilization exhaust gas injected from the gas inlet pipe into the inner cavity.