A reject valve of a reverse osmosis device, which is especially suited for brackish water reverse osmosis devices, which require a low system pressure less than 15bar. The valve keeps the system pressure substantially constant in a pre-defined range of the reject volume. The size of the inflow channel is adjusted by a spring-operated cone, which never entirely closes the channel, which forms a constant throttle until the pressure of the inflow has risen to approximately three quarters of the pressure arranged by the spring and prevailing at maximum volume of the reject flow. This operation is arranged structurally such that onto the shaft of the cone is fixedly supported a transverse plate abutting the inner wall of the body, which as pressed by the compression spring is supported by the end of an element connected to the end of the body, wherein the cone is in its lowest position.

Biocide can be controllably added to a feed stream for a membrane. In some examples, the feed stream is separated into a primary feed stream and a secondary feed stream, for example, with the secondary feed stream having a lower flow rate than the primary feed stream. The secondary feed stream may be used to monitor and control the addition of the biocide, which is then diluted when the secondary feed stream is combined with the primary feed stream to form a combined stream for delivery to the membrane.

An apparatus for filtering and mineralizing a fluid. The apparatus includes an amount of contaminated fluid located in a reservoir and a cartridge that is located downstream from the reservoir and in fluid communication with it. A filter is in fluid communication with the reservoir and the cartridge. The contaminated fluid is pumped along a pathway from the reservoir to the cartridge so that the contaminated fluid moves through the filter to generate filtered fluid in the cartridge. A pre-determined amount of an additive is associated with the cartridge for adding to the filtered fluid to generate a final fluid with the amount of the additive material.

An apparatus for filtering and mineralizing a fluid. The apparatus includes an amount of contaminated fluid located in a reservoir and a cartridge that is located downstream from the reservoir and in fluid communication with it. A filter is in fluid communication with the reservoir and the cartridge. The contaminated fluid is pumped along a pathway from the reservoir to the cartridge so that the contaminated fluid moves through the filter to generate filtered fluid in the cartridge. A pre-determined amount of an additive is associated with the cartridge for adding to the filtered fluid to generate a final fluid with the amount of the additive material.

High energy consumption and the negative impacts of hyper saline brine are the two biggest hurdles to a widespread adoption of seawater desalination. Taking advantage of the principal that fluid pressure increases in direct proportion to depth, this invention reduces energy consumption by relocating the process of reverse osmosis at depths where the weight of the water produces the pressure required to drive the reverse osmosis process thereby eliminating the high costs normally associated with raising intake pressure and by simply varying pumping rates, the brine stream can be pre-diluted to levels slightly above the original thereby reducing environmental impact. The simplicity of the design also reduces the costs of building and installation thereby making it likely that seawater desalination will proliferate around the world.

High energy consumption and the negative impacts of hyper saline brine are the two biggest hurdles to a widespread adoption of seawater desalination. Taking advantage of the principal that fluid pressure increases in direct proportion to depth, this invention reduces energy consumption by relocating the process of reverse osmosis at depths where the weight of the water produces the pressure required to drive the reverse osmosis process thereby eliminating the high costs normally associated with raising intake pressure and by simply varying pumping rates, the brine stream can be pre-diluted to levels slightly above the original thereby reducing environmental impact. The simplicity of the design also reduces the costs of building and installation thereby making it likely that seawater desalination will proliferate around the world.

A proportioning valve for a reverse osmosis system that controls the production of product water by the differential pressure across the purification membrane. By sensing increasing tank pressure to actuate the proportioning valve, the flow of waste water is restricted. Placement of seals within the cavity of the valve, as well as placement of waste water inlet and outlet ports, protects tension components that provide reverse tank pressure from waste water exposure. A needle valve assembly responsive to an actuating assembly that senses tank pressure removes the need for an inlet tank water port while restricting water flow.

A proportioning valve for a reverse osmosis system that controls the production of product water by the differential pressure across the purification membrane. By sensing increasing tank pressure to actuate the proportioning valve, the flow of waste water is restricted. Placement of seals within the cavity of the valve, as well as placement of waste water inlet and outlet ports, protects tension components that provide reverse tank pressure from waste water exposure. A needle valve assembly responsive to an actuating assembly that senses tank pressure removes the need for an inlet tank water port while restricting water flow.

A heat power management system is disclosed for an alternating current (AC) power controller for use with portable reverse osmosis water purification systems requiring precise control of a heating action for an internal water heater coupled with energy savings and the reduction of AC line disturbances. The heat power management system is designed to operate with various international electrical systems while protecting such system from excessive current draws.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are destroyed by oxidation in supercritical conditions. PFAS in water is concentrated in a reverse osmosis step and salt from the resulting solution is removed in supercritical conditions prior to destruction of PFAS in supercritical conditions.