A porous filter includes a porous laminate in which a plurality of biaxially stretched porous sheets made of PTFE are stacked. The Gurley number G and the bubble point B (kPa) of the porous laminate satisfy the following expressions (1) and (2):
log G>3.710.sup.3B0.8(1)
log G<4.910.sup.3B+0.45(2).

Filter media having a relatively small pore size and related components, systems, and methods associated therewith are provided. The filter media may include a fibrous efficiency layer, a fibrous support layer, and a third layer adjacent to the efficiency layer. The efficiency layer may impart a relatively homogeneous pore structure to the filter media without adding substantial bulk to the filter media. The support layer may promote the homogeneity of the pore structure. For example, the support layer may prevent and/or minimize defects in the relatively thin efficiency layer that may result from manufacturing and/or processing. The third layer may serve to impart beneficial filtration (e.g., efficiency, dust holding capacity) and/or non-filtration (e.g., layer protection) properties to the filter media without adversely affecting one or more properties of the filter media. Filter media, as described herein, may be particularly well-suited for applications that involve liquid filtration, amongst other applications.

A polymer composite article having retained solids is disclosed. The polymer composite article includes a composite region having a first porous polymer comprising a plurality of pores and the retained solids. The composite region has at least a portion of the retained solids immobilized within some of the pores. In embodiments where the retained solids are solid sorbent materials, the article is configured to receive carbon dioxide through the first porous polymer that can be adsorbed onto the solid sorbent.

The gas separation membrane element contains a gas separation membrane, and a sealing portion for preventing mixture of a source gas and a specific gas permeated through a gas separation membrane. The gas separation membrane has a first porous layer including a porous membrane, and a hydrophilic resin composition layer disposed on the first porous layer. The sealing portion is a region in which a cured material of a sealant penetrates in at least the first porous layer in the gas separation membrane, and a thermal expansion coefficient A of the sealing portion and a thermal expansion coefficient B of a material forming the first porous layer satisfy a relation (I):

0.35A/B1.0 (I).

Composite porous hydrophobic membranes are prepared by forming a perfluorohydrocarbon layer on the surface of a preformed porous polymeric substrate. The substrate can be formed from poly(aryl ether ketone) and a perfluorohydrocarbon layer can be chemically grafted to the surface of the substrate. The membranes can be utilized for a broad range of fluid separations, such as microfiltration, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration as membrane contactors for membrane distillation and for degassing and dewatering of fluids. The membranes can further contain a dense ultra-thin perfluorohydrocarbon layer superimposed on the porous poly(aryl ether ketone) substrate and can be utilized as membrane contactors or as gas separation membranes for natural gas treatment and gas dehydration.

The present invention relates to surface modifying agents for polymeric and/or textile materials, methods of making and/or using a surface modifying agent to modify and functionalize polymeric and/or textile materials, and/or methods of using surface modified or functionalized polymeric and textile materials, and/or products using or incorporating surface modified or functionalized polymeric and textile materials. For example, the surface modifying agent in precursor form can be styrene sulfonyl azide monomer, polymer or copolymer capable of undergoing a chemical reaction in the presence of heat or light to form one or more styrene sulfonated nitrene monomers, polymers or copolymers, which are capable of chemically reacting with the surface of a polymeric or textile material to endow a specific or desired chemical surface functionality to the surface of a polymeric or textile material. Furthermore, the present invention is possibly preferably directed to a surface modifying agent which comprises a styrene sulfonated nitrene monomer, polymer or polymer containing one or more nitrene functional groups, which are capable of chemically reacting via an insertion reaction into one or more carbon-hydrogen bonds on the surface of a polymeric or textile material in order to chemically attach a specific or desired chemical functionality to the surface of a polymeric or textile material.

A substrate for use in a filter media including, for example, in a hydrocarbon fluid-water separation filter; methods of identifying the substrate; methods of making the substrate; methods of using the substrate; and methods of improving the roll off angle of the substrate. In some embodiments, the substrate includes a hydrophilic group-containing polymer or a hydrophilic group-containing polymer coating.

Described herein are gas separation membranes that provide improved compatibility between the gutter layer and the porous support and/or the separation layer for gases. Such composite membranes have a high water/air selectivity in permeability.

The invention relates to a filter element (1) comprising a drainage element (2) which is arranged between two filter membranes (3). According to the invention, said drainage element (2) is made of a non-woven filtering material which is arranged in a laminated manner between the filter membranes (3) respectively by means of an adhesive non-woven material (4). The invention also relates to a method for producing a filter element (1), a drainage element (2) made from a non-woven filtering material being laminated between two filter membranes (3). An adhesive non-woven material (4) is arranged between the drainage element (2) and each filter membrane (3), then lamination takes place due to the thermal effect under pressure.

A water filter media includes a pathogen-killing ply made of an electrospun high temperature thermoplastic elastomer impregnated with biocides on a structural scrim layer, and a pathogen-catching ply made of pathogen-catching materials. The pathogen-killing ply and the pathogen-catching ply are thermally bonded to each other in the media.