A semipermeable membrane includes a holding body with a low water absorption property having a lattice structure and having a semipermeable property in a liquid phase. A cell-culturing device is provided with the semipermeable membrane at least at a portion thereof. A tissue-type chip is provided with the cell-culturing device including one type of cells. An organ-type chip is provided with the cell-culturing device including at least two types of cells. A kit for providing a multicellular structure is provided with an openable and closable sealed container including the tissue-type chip or, and a culture medium. An organ-type chip system is provided with at least two of the tissue-type chips or the organ-type chips, and the tissue-type chips or the organ-type chips are connected while maintaining a sealing property. A cell-culturing method is a method of using the cell-culturing device.

A method for manufacturing a membrane, which includes at least the following steps of: preparing a mixture that contains at least an aqueous solution of a cationic polymer whose pH is between 5 and 8, the cationic polymer having positively-charged groups in this aqueous solution, and an aqueous solution of an anionic polymer, the anionic polymer having negatively-charged groups in this aqueous solution; stirring the mixture; leaving the mixture to mature to cause the ionic interaction between positively-charged groups of the cationic polymer and negatively-charged groups of the anionic polymer, until obtaining within the mixture a membrane in the form of a hydrogel; adding at least one crosslinking agent so as to crosslink the membrane; drying the crosslinked membrane obtained upon completion of the previous step. This membrane is used for the treatment of liquid or gaseous effluents, as well as an antimicrobial support or for heterogeneous catalysis.

A method for manufacturing a membrane, which includes at least the following steps of: preparing a mixture that contains at least an aqueous solution of a cationic polymer whose pH is between 5 and 8, the cationic polymer having positively-charged groups in this aqueous solution, and an aqueous solution of an anionic polymer, the anionic polymer having negatively-charged groups in this aqueous solution; stirring the mixture; leaving the mixture to mature to cause the ionic interaction between positively-charged groups of the cationic polymer and negatively-charged groups of the anionic polymer, until obtaining within the mixture a membrane in the form of a hydrogel; adding at least one crosslinking agent so as to crosslink the membrane; drying the crosslinked membrane obtained upon completion of the previous step. This membrane is used for the treatment of liquid or gaseous effluents, as well as an antimicrobial support or for heterogeneous catalysis.

The embodiments described herein relate to agarose ultrafiltration membrane composites and methods for making and using the same.

The embodiments described herein relate to agarose ultrafiltration membrane composites and methods for making and using the same.

Embodiments include nanofilms comprising the reaction product of a natural building block type A including at least two functional groups and a natural building block type B including at least three functional groups, wherein the natural building block type A and the natural building block type B react to form a branched polymer network including solvent-resistant bonds.

Embodiments include nanofilms comprising the reaction product of a natural building block type A including at least two functional groups and a natural building block type B including at least three functional groups, wherein the natural building block type A and the natural building block type B react to form a branched polymer network including solvent-resistant bonds.

The present invention provides a porous membrane for water treatment, comprising: a high molecular weight polyethylene, a water-soluble polymer and an antioxidant, the high molecular weight polyethylene having an average molecular weight of 1.0×10.sup.5 to 10.0×10.sup.6 and a density of 0.940 to 0.976 g/cm.sup.3; wherein, the weight of the water-soluble polymer is 5 to 50 parts, the weight of the antioxidant is 0.1 to 10 parts, based on 100 parts of the weight of the high molecular weight polyethylene. The porous membrane for water treatment prepared by the present invention has a thickness of 5 to 30 μm, a pore size of 10 to 100 nm, a porosity of 20 to 60%, and a surface contact angle of 30° to 95°. The porous membrane according to the present invention has good durability, simple preparation process, and relatively thin thickness, a uniform pore size distribution and small pore size, good hydrophilicity, as well as good filtration and adsorption effect.

An ionically conductive thin film composite (TFC) membrane is described. The low cost, high performance TFC membrane comprises a micropous support membrane, and a hydrophilic ionomeric polymer coating layer on a surface of the microporous support membrane. The hydrophilic ionomeric polymer coating layer is ionically conductive. The ionomeric polymer can also be present in the micropores of the support membrane. Methods of making the membrane and redox flow battery system incorporating the TFC membrane are also described.

An ionically conductive thin film composite (TFC) membrane is described. The low cost, high performance TFC membrane comprises a micropous support membrane, and a hydrophilic ionomeric polymer coating layer on a surface of the microporous support membrane. The hydrophilic ionomeric polymer coating layer is ionically conductive. The ionomeric polymer can also be present in the micropores of the support membrane. Methods of making the membrane and redox flow battery system incorporating the TFC membrane are also described.