A solvent and method for removing carbon dioxide from a gaseous mixture flow with high carbon dioxide partial pressures are disclosed. The solvent includes a secondary or tertiary amine, an amine activator, a physical solvent (e.g., thioalkanol), and a carbonate buffer. The solvent contains less than about 60% by weight of water and is in a single liquid phase.

A sulfur adsorbent comprising boric acid deposited on an activated carbon support, and a method of separating at least a portion of sulfur compounds from a sulfur-containing mixture with the sulfur adsorbent. Various combinations of embodiments of the sulfur adsorbent and the method are also provided.

The invention is directed to a germicidal treatment fluid comprising electrolyzed water and an amine, and methods for producing and using same to kill microorganisms which produce hydrogen sulphide or sulfate-reducing bacteria.

Provided are a gas separation membrane which has a resin layer containing a compound having a siloxane bond, in which the resin layer containing a compound having a siloxane bond satisfies Expressions 1 and 2, and at least one of gas permeability or gas separation selectivity is high under high pressure; a method of producing a gas separation membrane; a gas separation membrane module; and a gas separator.

0.9A/B0.63Expression 1

B1.7Expression 2

In the expressions, A represents an O/Si ratio that is a ratio of the number of oxygen atoms relative to the number of silicon atoms contained in the resin layer containing a compound having a siloxane bond at a depth of 10 nm from the surface of the resin layer containing a compound having a siloxane bond, and B represents an O/Si ratio that is a ratio of the number of oxygen atoms relative to the number of silicon atoms in the surface of the resin layer containing a compound having a siloxane bond.

Treatment of hydrocarbon streams, and in one non-limiting embodiment refinery distillates, with high pH aqueous reducing agents, such as borohydride, results in reduction of the sulfur compounds such as disulfides, mercaptans and thioethers that are present to give easily removed sulfides. The treatment converts the original sulfur compounds into hydrogen sulfide or low molecular weight mercaptans that can be extracted from the distillate with caustic solutions, hydrogen sulfide or mercaptan scavengers, solid absorbents such as clay or activated carbon or liquid absorbents such as amine-aldehyde condensates and/or aqueous aldehydes.

Acid gas compounds are removed from a process gas such as, for example, syngas or natural gas, by flowing a feed gas into a desulfurization unit to remove a substantial fraction of sulfur compounds from the feed gas and flowing the resulting desulfurized gas into a CO.sub.2 removal unit to remove a substantial fraction of CO.sub.2 from the desulfurized gas.

Systems and methods are described for re-moving solidifiable gas from a process gas stream by direct contact with a cold liquid. The process gas stream includes at least gas that is frozen by the cold liquid while one or more other gases of the process gas stream remain in a gaseous state. The process gas stream may include water, and will have a different composition than the cold liquid. The contacting of the cold liquid with the process gas stream may be at a pressure that is less than 200 psia, and optionally less than 100 psia, 50 psia, or even 30 psia, and the solidified gas may be removed from the contacting assembly as a slurry with cold liquid.

The invention relates to novel nitrogen compounds belonging to the family of tertiary diamines of general formula (I) below, wherein R is an alkanediyl radical (CH.sub.2)n- with n=2, 3, 4, 5 or 6. ##STR00001##
The compound according to the invention is for example N,N,N,N-(tetramethyl)-1,6-diamino-2,5-hexanediol or N,N,N,N-(tetramethyl)-1,8-diamino-2,7-octanediol. The invention also relates to the method for preparing them and to their use for removing acid compounds contained in a gaseous effluent.

Processes and apparatuses for treating a sour synthesis gas are provided. The process comprises passing the sour synthesis gas stream to an acid gas removal unit to provide a treated synthesis gas stream and a CO.sub.2 rich stream. At least a portion of the CO.sub.2 rich stream is passed to a thermal oxidizer unit to provide a treated CO.sub.2 gas stream. At least a portion of the treated synthesis gas stream is passed to a pressure swing adsorption unit to obtain a purified hydrogen stream and a tail gas stream. At least a portion of the tail gas stream is passed to the thermal oxidizer unit.

A process for the stepwise separation of accompanying gases from a raw synthesis gas stream by a liquid absorbent countercurrently guided through all process steps and circulated via regeneration plants, wherein either the accompanying gases H.sub.2S, COS and CO.sub.2 are separated in a common absorption step or, in one of the selective absorption steps chiefly H.sub.2S and COS are separated and in the next step in flow direction of the gas chiefly CO.sub.2 is separated, and in the last step a separation of accompanying gas residues (fine wash) is effected, wherein before the separation of H.sub.2S and COS an absorption step chiefly for the separation of aromatics and subsequently an absorption step chiefly for the separation of methyl mercaptan is carried out.