Disclosed herein are particulate sorbents, such as sorbents that can be used for mercury removal applications. The absorbent can comprise at least one ammonium phosphate and at least one activated carbon selected from unhalogenated activated carbon and halogenated activated carbon, wherein the halogenated activated carbon contains at least one halogen impregnant on its surface. Also disclosed are methods of making sorbents, and methods of mercury removal, e.g., from flue gas generated by coal combustion.

Various embodiments disclosed relate to extraction of target materials using a CZTS sorbent. A method of extracting a target material from a medium includes contacting a copper zinc tin sulfur (CZTS) sorbent with the target material in the medium including the target material to form a used CZTS sorbent that includes the target material.

The present disclosure is directed to the use of elemental or speciated iodine and bromine to control total mercury emissions.

Sorbent compositions including sorbent particles of a small particle sized sorbent with increased pneumatic conveyance properties. The sorbent compositions have relatively small median particle size and have a controlled particle size distribution (PSD). Specifically, the sorbent compositions include a relatively small percentage of very fine particles, such as a small percentage of particles having a particle size of not greater than about 5 m. The sorbent compositions are particularly useful for the treatment of a flue gas stream to remove mercury from the flue gas stream.

Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to a method comprising obtaining a sorbent polymer composite material, contacting the sorbent polymer composite material with mercury vapor to form a used sorbent polymer composite material; wherein the used sorbent polymer composite material comprises oxidized mercury and wherein the used sorbent polymer composite material emits oxidized mercury vapor; and contacting the used sorbent polymer composite material with a halogen source, so as to result in a treated sorbent polymer composite material. In some embodiments, the treated sorbent polymer composite material emits less than 0.01 g oxidized mercury vapor per minute per gram of the treated sorbent polymer composite, compared to a used sorbent polymer composite, when measured at 65 C. in air having a relative humidity of 95%.

An air-cooled heat exchanger (6) arranged in a gas processing facility for performing a liquefaction process of natural gas is configured to supply cooling air to a tube (63) through which a fluid to be cooled is caused to flow, to thereby cool the fluid to be cooled, and a mist supply section (7) is configured to supply mist obtained by spraying demineralized water, to thereby cool the cooling air. Further, the mist supply section (7) is configured to spray the demineralized water from a lateral position on an upstream side of an intake.

A multi-functional composition of matter that is useful for injection into a flue gas stream to rapidly and efficiently remove mercury from the flue gas streams, particularly at above average flue stream temperatures of about 340 F. or higher. The multi-functional composition of matter may include a fixed carbon content of at least about 20 wt. %, a mineral content of from about 20 wt. % to about 50 wt. %, a sum of micropore plus mesopore volume of at least about 0.20 cc/g, a micropore volume to mesopore volume ratio of at least about 0.7, and a tapped density of not greater than about 0.575 g/ml. These compositions may be further characterized by number of particles per gram of the composition of matter such that the composition may have at least about 0.8 billion particles per gram, or even as many as 1.5 billion particles per gram. These physical and chemical properties may enhance (1) the oxidation reaction kinetics for the oxidation of mercury species, (2) frequency of contact events, and (3) capture and sequestration of mercury, to achieve efficient mercury capture by the composition even in high temperature flue gas streams.

This invention relates to methods and compositions for removing contaminants from fluids, for example, the removal of mercury contaminants by oxidation. The compositions and methods provided herein are robust and accomplish efficient removal of contaminants from fluid streams without the need for relatively expensive activated carbon. In addition, the methods and compositions of the present invention do not pose risks to the safety of workers through the injection of highly toxic, highly corrosive elemental bromine to directly oxidize the mercury. The compositions and methods of the present invention are versatile and apply to a wide range of contaminants including, but not limited to, mercury, lead, cadmium, thallium, and hydrogen sulfides. Further, the compositions and methods contained herein are capable of efficient contaminant removal over a wide range of temperatures and pressures.

Device (10) for injecting powders into a furnace pipe (500), comprising a chamber (230) connected to a peripheral pipe (220) and, on the other hand, to the said furnace pipe via the said peripheral pipe (220), which comprises a first part (221) of diameter DP1, and a second part (222) of diameter DP2, having a downstream end (222a) and intended to be in communication with the furnace pipe, and a powder conveying pipe (120) which has a diameter DT and a downstream end (121), characterized in that the second part of the peripheral pipe has a length Lthe diameter (DP2) of the second part of the peripheral pipe, and in that the diameter (DT) and the diameter (DP2) are connected by the relationship 0<DP2DT< DT.

A device, system, and method for removing a component from a gas are disclosed. A bead consisting of a core and an outer layer is provided. The outer layer consists of a first impermeable material. The core consists of a second material. A carrier gas, containing a vapor, is passed across the bead, desublimating or desublimating and condensing a portion of the vapor onto the bead. In some embodiments, the beads are passed into the column at a first temperature and the carrier gas is passed across the beads. A portion of the vapor desublimates or desublimates and condenses onto the beads as a solid product, causing the beads to expand in volume as they are warmed to a second temperature. The beads with the solid product are passed out of the column.