A system for reducing ore includes a hydrogen supply unit configured to supply hydrogen, a furnace configured to reduce the ore using the supplied hydrogen, and a hydrogen recovery unit configured to recover hydrogen from an exhaust gas that is exhausted from the furnace.

A system and a method for converting captured carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) into hydrogen (H.sub.2) by using metallic iron or metallic magnesium in anaerobic process are described. In a first step, the CO.sub.2 can be absorbed in an alkaline solution such as NaOH and a soluble bicarbonate is formed. In a second step, the soluble bicarbonate HCO.sub.3 is converted into H.sub.2 by reacting it with zero valent metal, like metallic Fe (powder) or scrap Fe or Magnesium ribbon in anaerobic ambient conditions. Metal carbonate, like siderite, is created on the outer surface of Fe(.sup.0) and can be separated by the alkaline solution, which is recycled in the first reaction to be used for CO.sub.2 absorption. Exposing the separated siderite to weak acid, either citric acid or oxalic acid, zero valent metal is obtained, which is recycled in the second reaction. Alternatively, the siderite can be used as a raw material in the steel industry or cement industry or commercialized as an iron scrap. The generated H.sub.2 can be directly used for energy purposes or can be directed to another reactor comprising also bicarbonate solution and mix hydrogenotrophic methanogens to be converted into methane (CH.sub.4) or to a bioreactor comprising homoacetogenic bacteria to be converted into carboxylic acids, like acetic acid (CH.sub.3COOH). Alternatively, the reaction with Fe(.sup.0) or Mg(.sup.0), bicarbonate solution, CO.sub.2 and hydrogenotrophic methanogens for the production of CH.sub.4 can take place in one and same bioreactor.

A compound of the general formula (I)

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in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently selected from C.sub.1-4-alkyl and C.sub.1-4-hydroxyalkyl; each R.sub.4 is independently selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-4-alkyl and C.sub.1-4-hydroxyalkyl; each R.sub.5 is independently selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-4-alkyl and C.sub.1-4-hydroxyalkyl; m is 2, 3, 4 or 5; n is 2, 3, 4 or 5; and o is an integer from 0 to 10. A preferred compound of the formula (I) is 2-(2-tert-butylaminoethoxy)ethylamine. Absorbents comprising a compound of the formula (I) have rapid absorption of carbon dioxide from fluid streams and are also suitable for processes for the simultaneous removal of H.sub.2S and CO.sub.2, where given H.sub.2S limits have to be observed but complete removal of CO.sub.2 is not required.

There is provided with a system comprising a carbon dioxide processing unit configured to generate a metal carbonate by reacting a carbon dioxide-containing gas with an aqueous dispersion containing a metal hydroxide and acetonitrile, a separation unit configured to separate a dispersion obtained after the carbon dioxide-containing gas is processed to generate a precipitate and a residual liquid, a residual liquid supply unit configured to supply the residual liquid to the carbon dioxide processing unit, a heating unit configured to generate carbon dioxide by thermally decomposing the precipitate, and a graphene generating unit configured to generate graphene by heating the generated carbon dioxide, wherein a content of acetonitrile in an aqueous dispersion supplied together with the residual liquid to the carbon dioxide processing unit is decided based on an amount of acetonitrile in the residual liquid.

Disclosed herein are methods of capturing CO2 from a gas source using electrochemically-enhanced amine capture to form a concentrated CO.sub.2 vapor, followed by sequestering CO.sub.2 from the concentrated vapor in a sequestration step. The sequestration step includes contacting the concentrated vapor with an aqueous sequestration solution comprising ions capable of forming an insoluble carbonate salt, such that the aqueous sequestration solution comprises the CO.sub.2, electrochemically basifying the sequestration solution, thereby precipitating a carbonate solid, separating the carbonate solids from the aqueous sequestration solution or the surface of the mesh.

An organic carbonate synthesis catalyst for electrochemically synthesizing an organic carbonate from carbon monoxide, comprises: an active particle containing a metal element; and a porous carbon supporting the active particle.

Systems and methods for reducing the capital and operating costs of a smelting process system and improving the environmental impact of the smelting process using an IGT system to remove and filter undesirable and environmentally hazardous gases and particulates from each electrolytic cell in the smelting process system.

The method for producing a gas separation composite membrane includes applying a mixed liquid containing compounds (a) and (b) below onto a porous support to form a coating film and curing the coating film to form a crosslinked polysiloxane compound layer: (a) a particular crosslinkable polysiloxane compound having a structural unit (a1), a structural unit (a2), and a structural unit (a3) or (a4), and (b) a particular crosslinkable polysiloxane compound having a structural unit (b1), a structural unit (b2), and a structural unit (b3) or (b4),

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where R.sup.1a to R.sup.1f and R.sup.2a to R.sup.2f represent a particular group and * represents a particular linking site.

Provided is a gas separation membrane 10 including a separation layer 1 which comprises a block copolymer having at least a first segment and a second segment, in which the separation layer 1 has a phase separation structure that has at least a first structure 11 derived from the first segment and a spherical second structure 12 derived from the second segment. The gas separation membrane in which the spherical second structure satisfies Formula 1, the first structure and the spherical second structure satisfy the following Formula 2, and the first structure 11 has a structure that is continuous in the thickness direction over the entire thickness of the separation layer 1 has high gas permeability and high gas separation selectivity. Also provided is a gas separation membrane module.
R/L<0.4Formula 1:
Ps/Pf<1Formula 2: (R represents the average diameter of the spherical second structure, L represents the thickness of the separation layer, Ps represents the permeability coefficient of the first structure, and Pf represents the permeability coefficient of the spherical second structure. In this case, Ps and Pf represent the permeability coefficient of a gas with a higher permeability coefficient in the first structure, among two kinds of gases.)

The invention relates to an absorbent solution for absorbing acid compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, in a gaseous effluent, containing water and a mixture of amines comprising 1,2-bis-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)-ethane and 2-[2-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethanol, of respective formulas (I) and (II) below, and to a method of removing acid compounds contained in a gaseous effluent using this solution. ##STR00001##