A method for the reduction and prevention of mercury emissions into the environment from combusted fossil fuels or other off-gases with the use of hypobromite is disclosed. The hypobromite is used for the capture of mercury from the resulting flue gases using a flue gas desulfurization system or scrubber. The method uses hypobromite in conjunction with a scrubber to capture mercury and lower its emission and/or re-emission with stack gases. The method allows the use of coal as a cleaner and environmentally friendlier fuel source as well as capturing mercury from other processing systems.

A device and a method produces fertilizer from the exhaust gases of a production system, for example a system for producing cement. The exhaust gases are completely converted such that the exhaust gases are not released into the environment. For this purpose, the exhaust gases are introduced directly into the device from the production system. Exhaust gases such as NO.sub.x and/or SO.sub.2 are first oxidized in the device and then reprocessed into NH.sub.4NO.sub.3 or (NH.sub.4).sub.2SO.sub.4. CO.sub.2 is reprocessed into NH.sub.4HCO.sub.3 in the device while nitrogen is converted into ammonia, and the ammonium, among others, is used to produce NH.sub.4HCO.sub.3 from CO.sub.2.

Included are: a direct reduction furnace for reducing iron ore directly into reduced iron using a high-temperature reducing gas including hydrogen and carbon monoxide, an acid gas removal unit having an acid gas component absorber for removing, with an absorbent such as an amine-based solvent, acid gas components (CO.sub.2, H.sub.2S) in a reduction furnace flue gas discharged from the direct reduction furnace, and a regenerator for releasing the acid gas, and a degradation product removal unit for separating and removing a degradation product in the absorbent used by circulating through the absorber and the regenerator.

Provided herein are methods of removing carbon dioxide from an aqueous stream or gaseous stream by: contacting the gaseous stream comprising carbon dioxide, when present, with an aqueous solution comprising ions capable of forming an insoluble carbonate salt; contacting the aqueous solution comprising carbon dioxide with an electroactive mesh that induces its alkalinization thereby forcing the precipitation of a carbonate solid from the solution and thereby the removal of dissolved inorganic carbon by electrolysis; and removing the precipitated carbonate solids from the solution, or the surface of the mesh where they may deposit. Also provided herein are flow-through electrolytic reactors comprising an intake device in fluid connection with a rotating cylinder comprising an electroactive mesh, and a scraping device and/or liquid-spray based device for separating a solid from the mesh surface.

The present invention relates to a flue ozone distributor applied in a low-temperature oxidation denitrification technology and an arrangement manner thereof. The flue ozone distributor comprises a distribution main pipe, multiple distribution branch pipes, multiple Venturi distributors and multiple delta wings. The multiple distribution branch pipes are led out from the distribution main pipe as parallel branches. The multiple Venturi distributors are arranged with an equal space on the distribution branch pipes. The delta wings are arranged on one diffusion segment side of the Venturi distributors. The flue ozone distributor is arranged in the flue. The present invention is mainly applied in a field of denitrification for flue gas of an industrial boiler/kiln by a low-temperature ozone oxidation method in industries such as pyroelectricity, steel and the like. The ozone-injecting direction is consistent with a flow direction of the flue gas. A soot deposit congestion problem does not exist. A turbulent flow behavior of the flue gas and ozone is especially strengthened. The oxidation efficiency is improved. A flue distance of a valid reaction is shortened. An application advantage in an actual project is very obvious.

A new adsorbent CO.sub.2-ONE for removal of acidic gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide was developed from hydrothermal reaction of natural limestone with natural kaolin via sodium hydroxide. Several synthesis conditions were employed such as initial concentration of NaOH, weight ratio of limestone to kaolin, reaction temperature and pressure. The produced CaNaSiO.sub.2Al.sub.2O.sub.3 samples were characterized using XRD and EDS and showed that a mixture of Gehlenite Ca.sub.2Al(A.sub.1.22Si.sub.0.78O.sub.6.78)OH.sub.0.22 and Stilbite Na.sub.5.76Ca.sub.4.96(Al.sub.15.68Si.sub.56.32O.sub.144) with percentage of 43 and 57 was successfully produced, respectively. Another produced sample showed the presence of Gehlenite Ca.sub.2Al(Al.sub.1.22Si.sub.0.78O.sub.6.78)OH.sub.0.22, Stilbite Na.sub.5.76Ca.sub.4.96(Al.sub.15.68Si.sub.56.32O.sub.144) and Lawsonite CaAl.sub.2Si.sub.2O.sub.7OH.sub.2(H.sub.2O) with percentage of 4.1 and 7.4 and 88, respectively.

A new adsorbent CO.sub.2-ONE for removal of acidic gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide was developed from hydrothermal reaction of natural limestone with natural kaolin via sodium hydroxide. Several synthesis conditions were employed such as initial concentration of NaOH, weight ratio of limestone to kaolin, reaction temperature and pressure. The produced CaNa-SiO2-Al2O3 samples were characterized using XRD and EDS and showed that a mixture of Gehlenite Ca.sub.2Al(Al.sub.1.22Si.sub.0.78O.sub.6.78)OH.sub.0.22 and Stilbite Na.sub.5.76Ca.sub.4.96(Al.sub.15.68Si.sub.56.32O.sub.144) with percentage of 43 and 57 was successfully produced, respectively. Another produced sample showed the presence of Gehlenite Ca.sub.2Al(Al.sub.1.22Si.sub.0.78O.sub.6.78)OH.sub.0.22, Stilbite Na.sub.5.76Ca.sub.4.96(Al.sub.15.68Si.sub.56.32O.sub.144) and Lawsonite CaAl.sub.2Si.sub.2O.sub.7OH.sub.2(H.sub.2O) with percentage of 4.1 and 7.4 and 88, respectively.

A process for processing metal ore includes: reducing a metal ore, particularly a metallic oxide, in a blast furnace shaft; producing furnace gas containing CO.sub.2, in the blast furnace shaft; discharging the furnace gas from the blast furnace shaft; directing at least a portion of the furnace gas directly or indirectly into a CO.sub.2-converter; and converting the CO.sub.2 contained in the furnace gas into an aerosol consisting of a carrier gas and C-particles in the CO.sub.2-converter in the presence of a stoichiometric surplus of C; directing at least a first portion of the aerosol from the CO.sub.2-converter into the blast furnace shaft; and introducing H.sub.2O into the blast furnace shaft. By virtue of the reaction C+H.sub.2O.fwdarw.CO.sub.2+2H, nascent hydrogen is produced in the blast furnace which causes rapid reduction of the metal ore. The speed of reduction of the metal ore is thus increased, and it is possible to increase either the throughput capacity of the blast furnace or to reduce the size of the blast furnace. An aerosol in the form of a fluid is easily introducible into the blast furnace shaft.

A hydrogen generation and carbon dioxide storage system has increased processing capacity of carbon dioxide. The system includes a metal-carbon dioxide battery comprising an anode, a cathode, and an ion exchange membrane positioned between the anode and the cathode, a first supply unit configured to provide a first electrolyte to the anode, a second supply unit configured to provide a second electrolyte comprising hydrogen ions and an aqueous solution of alkali bicarbonate to the cathode, a separation unit, an electrolyte circulation unit located at a rear end of the separation unit, a dissolution unit located at a rear end of the electrolyte circulation unit, and a carbon dioxide purification unit.

The invention is to a carbon capture composition to capture carbon dioxide from an input gas mixture. The carbon capture composition comprises water; an alkali carbonate; and a cross-linked superabsorbent polymer. Also disclosed is a carbon capture system including such carbon capture compositions. Such carbon capture systems are simple, requiring no moving parts, and constructed from existing materials and manufacturing methods, enable an economically sustainable low cost of carbon capture from industrial point sources, road transport vehicles or directly from atmospheric air.