The present invention relates generally to the field of emission control equipment for boilers, heaters, kilns, or other flue gas-, or combustion gas-, generating devices (e.g., those located at power plants, processing plants, etc.) and, in particular to a new and useful method and apparatus for reducing and/or eliminating various liquid discharges from one or more emission control equipment devices (e.g., one or more wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) units). In another embodiment, the method and apparatus of the present invention is designed to reduce and/or eliminate the amount of liquid waste that is discharged from a WFGD unit by subjecting the WFGD liquid waste to one or more drying processes, one or more spray dryer (or spray dry) absorber processes, and/or one or more spray dryer (or spray dry) evaporation processes.

A conditioning apparatus (2) for providing a carrier gas (6), the apparatus including: an inlet (4) for a pressurized inlet gas (6); a cleaning unit (10) to provide clean pressurized gas (6), the cleaning unit (10) including one or more filters to remove solid and/or liquid contamination particles from the pressurized gas (6) and a drying station to remove moisture from the pressurized gas (6); an ionization chamber (16) which ionizes the clean pressurized gas; and an outlet for clean, pressurized, ionized gas; wherein the gas ionized in the ionization chamber (16) has a chemical composition which is substantially the same chemical composition as the inlet gas.

A wet scrubber (14) useful for reducing flue gas sulphur oxides and particulate matter comprising an at least first spray level arrangement (34) arranged horizontally in a wet scrubber tower (16). The at least first spray level arrangement (34) may comprise downwardly, upwardly, and/or combination downwardly and upwardly spraying nozzles (40). Arranged between the nozzles (40) is a plurality of single plates (76, 76A) and/or double plates (82) to direct flue gas flow into absorbent liquid or slurry atomized by the nozzles (40) for flue gas sulphur oxide and particulate matter reduction.

The present invention is directed to a process for removing gas phase nitrogen-based compounds by absorption into a liquid stream. The absorbed nitrogen-based compound is reacted with an acid to produce a nitrogen-based product. The nitrogen-based compound, the acid, and the resulting nitrogen-based product may be organic compounds, i.e. compounds derived from animal matter or plant matter and the nitrogen-based product may be a fertilizer that may be used in organic agriculture or the production of certified organic foods. Processes are also described for removing nitrogen-based compounds from a liquid stream to produce a nitrogen-based product, including organic fertilizers. One process includes producing cavitation bubbles into which a liquid phase nitrogen-based compound is stripped, followed by absorption to produce a nitrogen-based product. Another process includes the use of a degassing membrane to remove a liquid phase nitrogen-based compound that is degassed to produce a nitrogen-based product, including organic fertilizers.

Methods for removing reduced sulfur compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide, from fluids employing a ferric iron salt that exhibits unusually high solubility in aqueous, alkaline solutions and has strong affinity for capture and oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds. Alkaline aqueous ferric iron salt and solutions thereof useful for removing reduced sulfur compounds from fluids and various methods of production of such salts and solutions. In addition, methods of regenerating the alkaline aqueous ferric iron salt solutions after capture of hydrogen sulfide or other reduced sulfur compounds, generally by exposure to oxygen in air. The alkali metal carbonate salt preferably comprises potassium carbonate and/or potassium bicarbonate. The alkaline aqueous ferric iron salt solutions generally comprise ferric ions, potassium ions, carbonate ions, and bicarbonate ions, optionally with one or more organic additives. In addition, aqueous-soluble, ferric iron salts and ferric iron containing solids prepared by removal of aqueous medium from solutions herein.

A method and apparatus for cleaning a contaminated air stream, the method comprising the step of passing the contaminated air stream through a multistage cleaning reactor, wherein at least two stages of the multistage cleaning reactor comprise marine shell material.

A process for removing impurities from a flue gas, comprising treating the flue gas with a liquid absorbent comprising (i) a precursor of chlorine dioxide and (ii) an organic ionic liquid, and releasing a purified flue gas into the atmosphere. The process is useful for removing Hg, SO.sub.2 and NOx.

The present disclosure relates to mixing devices included in automotive exhaust treatment systems. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to reducing agent mixers for mixing reducing agents with exhaust streams to induce a chemical reaction between the reducing agent and exhaust gasses to reduce Nitrous Oxides (NOx) in the exhaust gas. Reducing agent mixers in accordance with the present disclosure include reducing agent delivery devices for conducting reducing agents into an internal mixing space through which exhaust gasses flow.

A co-axial co-current contactor (CA-CCC) is described herein. The CA-CCC includes an outer annular support ring and an inner annular support ring configured to maintain the CA-CCC within an outer pipe and an inner pipe, respectively. The CA-CCC includes rich liquid flow channels located between the outer annular support ring and the inner annular support ring that are configured to allow a rich liquid stream to flow through the CA-CCC, and a central gas entry cone and gas flow channels configured to allow a gas stream to flow through the CA-CCC. The CA-CCC further includes radial blades configured to secure the central gas entry cone to the inner annular support ring and allow a lean liquid stream to flow into the central gas entry cone and the gas flow channels. The CA-CCC provides for efficient incorporation of liquid droplets formed from the lean liquid stream into the gas stream.

A method, scrubbing solution and apparatus for removing a H.sub.2S scavenger, for example dithiazine, from a gas stream uses an acidic solution to convert the H.sub.2S scavenger to a salt. The acidic solution may be a phosphoric acid solution.