An evaporated fuel treatment apparatus includes a main canister containing an adsorbent that is capable of adsorbing and desorbing evaporated fuel generated in a fuel tank; a sub-canister connected to the main canister, the sub-canister containing an additional adsorbent that is capable of adsorbing and desorbing evaporated fuel contained in an exhaust discharged from the main canister; and a connection pipe that connects the main canister and the sub-canister. The connection pipe includes a first portion that is located near a muffler, and a second portion which is a portion other than the first portion, the second portion being located apart from an exhaust pipe and located below the first portion in the vertical direction with respect to the vehicle.

A modular structure for a mitigating evaporative fuel emissions, such as for an automobile, is described. The structure may include a plurality of frames and membranes for flowing fuel vapor and reducing the emission of hydrocarbon therefrom. The structure may include flow guides that provide a meandering flow path for both the fuel vapor and a permeate. A flow guide providing parallel flow paths is also described.

An evaporative emission control canister system comprises an initial adsorbent volume having an effective incremental adsorption capacity at 25° C. of greater than 35 grams n-butane/L between vapor concentration of 5 vol % and 50 vol % n-butane, and at least one subsequent adsorbent volume having an effective incremental adsorption capacity at 25° C. of less than 35 grams n-butane/L between vapor concentration of 5 vol % and 50 vol % n-butane, an effective butane working capacity (BWC) of less than 3 g/dL, and a g-total BWC of between 2 grams and 6 grams. The evaporative emission control canister system has a two-day diurnal breathing loss (DBL) emissions of no more than 20 mg at no more than 210 liters of purge applied after the 40 g/hr butane loading step.

An evaporated fuel processing device may include a flow passage through which evaporated fuel generated in a fuel tank flows; a first adsorbent constituted of activated carbon and arranged in the flow passage for adsorbing the evaporated fuel flowing in the flow passage; and a second adsorbent constituted of a porous metal complex and arranged in the flow passage on a downstream side of the first adsorbent for adsorbing the evaporated fuel having passed through the first adsorbent and flowing in the flow passage on the downstream side of the first adsorbent.

An evaporative fuel processing device includes a canister, a purge path connected to the canister and an intake path that is connected to an internal combustion engine and through which purge gas flows from the canister to the intake path, and a flow control valve provided in the purge path to control the flow rate of the purge gas, wherein: the device further includes a first pressure detection unit that detects a first pressure at a first position between the canister and the flow control vale, and a concentration estimation unit that estimates a purge concentration of the purge gas flowing in the purge path; and the concentration estimation unit determines an increase in the first pressure generated by closing the flow control valve based on the detection value from the first pressure detection unit, and estimates the purge concentration based on the determined increase in the first pressure.

A leakage detector for fuel vapor treatment device is configured to diagnose a leakage of a fuel vapor in a vapor path based on an internal pressure change of the vapor path with the vapor path functioning as a closed space. The leakage detector performs the leakage diagnosis of the vapor path by correcting the effect of the pressure of the fuel vapor with regards to the internal pressure change. The leakage detector comprises a vaporization promoting device and is configured to determine whether the fuel vapor in the gas space of a fuel pump has reached a saturated state.

Systems and methods for regenerating a canister purge valve filter that is included in an evaporative emissions system are disclosed. In one example, pressurized air is applied to a canister purge valve filter to dislodge contaminants from the filter. The contaminants may be discharged from the evaporative emissions system via a check valve that opens in response to the pressurized air.

A fuel tank isolation valve (FTIV) and methods of operation are provided. The FTIV includes first and second solenoid valves with the movable valve member of one of the solenoid valves seating against a movable valve member of the other one of the solenoid valves. One of the solenoid valves may be refueling valve allowing for evacuation of fuel vapor during refueling operations as well as to allow for purging high vapor pressure within the fuel tank. One of the solenoid valves may be a proportional valve used to control the flow of fuel vapor to an intake manifold of an operating internal combustion engine as well as to reduce a vacuum generated within the fuel tank.

An evaporative emission control canister system comprises an initial adsorbent volume having an effective incremental adsorption capacity at 25° C. of greater than 35 grams n-butane/L between vapor concentration of 5 vol % and 50 vol % n-butane, and at least one subsequent adsorbent volume having an effective incremental adsorption capacity at 25° C. of less than 35 grams n-butane/L between vapor concentration of 5 vol % and 50 vol % n-butane, an effective butane working capacity (BWC) of less than 3 g/dL, and a g-total BWC of between 2 grams and 6 grams. The evaporative emission control canister system has a two-day diurnal breathing loss (DBL) emissions of no more than 20 mg at no more than 210 liters of purge applied after the 40 g/hr butane loading step.

A system for sustainable generation of energy, comprising at least one device for converting natural power into useful energy, and at least one internal combustion engine or heat engine. The internal combustion engine or heat engine may be connected to a gas cleaning device for fuel or heat supply. A method for sustainable generation of energy, comprising the steps of generating a first amount of useful energy by converting natural power; and generating a second amount of energy by operating at least one internal combustion engine or heat engine, wherein the internal combustion engine or heat engine is driven by fuel or heat derived from cleaning a waste gas.