The present application comprises symbiotic reverse osmosis train system for maximizing desalinated water recovery, meanwhile yielding high salinity brine suitable for osmotic power generation or commercial salt production; trains comprise series of number of cells operating in interrelated sequential pattern within a salinity field. Each cell forms a closed hydraulic brine loop having pumping means, power recovery means and shared semipermeable membranes between adjacent cells, defining the boundaries of flow path within a given cell, using applicant's technology for semipermeable Flat Sheet Membranes [FSM] or Hollow Fiber Membranes [HFM] intended for new and novel development in Hypersalinity processes and applications in desalination and osmotic power generation of brackish, seawater and brines of 15% salinity or more. Charging each cell in the train of plurality of cells with a formulated brine having a specified ionizable inorganic salt concentration and type, without permitting mixing of the given brines among the adjacent cells in the plurality of cells, allowing the train of multiple cells to achieve water recovery exceeding 85% with concentrated rejected brine of 28-30% salt content that is recoverable by evaporation/crystallization for commercial use. Highlighting, the first of its kind, a large scale Seashore Tower of flat Sheet membrane [FSM] for Induced Osmotic Desalination Plant of a capacity 28-56 million cubic meter per year (15 billion gallons per year) at a recovery rate of 85%, and rejected brine salinity of 28-30%, either used for sodium chloride salt recovery of 1-2 million metric tons per year, or to generate Induced Osmotic Power of 25-50 MW.

The present disclosure describes methods and systems for separating a fluid. The methods and systems include a plurality of osmosis modules operably coupled together. At least some of the plurality of osmosis modules include an osmosis membrane, a feed side on a first side of the osmosis membrane; a draw side on a second side of the osmosis membrane; a feed inlet operably coupled to the feed side; a draw inlet operably coupled to the draw side; a feed outlet operably coupled to the feed side; a draw outlet operably coupled to the draw side. The at least some of the plurality of osmosis units further including a feed recirculation loop operably coupled to the feed inlet, the feed outlet, and a feed inlet of a downstream osmosis module; and a draw recirculation loop operably coupled to the draw inlet, the draw outlet, and a draw inlet of a downstream osmosis module.

An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for purifying salt water. The method comprises the steps of removing at least a portion of salt in the salt water to form a potable water and introducing the at least a portion of the salt removed from the salt water to a water feed.

A portable filtration system is described. The system may comprise: a mixing portion, comprising: a pump adaptor and a contaminant regulator. The pump adaptor may comprise: an upper plate, a lower plate, and a screen. The screen may axially extend between the upper and lower plates, wherein the upper plate, the lower plate, and the screen define a channel of a mixing chamber. The contaminant regulator may comprise a through-passage coupled to the upper plate, wherein the through-passage is in fluid communication with the mixing chamber.

A car washing system comprises a filtering unit, a pure water pipeline, a waste water pipeline, a washing pipeline, an optional first branch line, and a second branch line. The filtering unit comprises an RO filter membrane, a filtering pipeline and a booster pump. One end of the filtering pipeline is connected to the inlet of the RO filter membrane. The booster pump is set in the filtering pipeline. The pure water pipeline is connected between a pure water outlet of the RO filter membrane and one end of the washing pipeline. The joint of the pure water pipeline and the washing pipeline is provided with a high-pressure pump. One end of the waste water pipeline is connected with waste water outlet of the RO filtering membrane, and the other end is a discharge end. Water in the washing pipeline flows through the second branch line.

Provided are a raw material liquid concentration method and a raw material liquid concentration system that can achieve a high flux even when using a raw material liquid that is rich in an organic solvent. An aspect of the present invention provides a method for concentrating a raw material liquid, said method comprising a concentration step for bringing a raw material liquid and an induction solution in contact via a forward osmosis membrane. The raw material liquid contains not less than 50 mass % of an organic solvent and a valuable substance. The forward osmosis membrane has a base material layer and an active layer. Either the induction solution contains a hydrophobic induction solute and the active layer is hydrophilic, or the induction solution contains a hydrophilic induction solute and the active layer is hydrophobic.

Provided is method of extracting and separating gallium by emulsion liquid membrane. The method of extracting and separating gallium by emulsion liquid membrane includes preparation of the emulsion liquid membrane, extraction and deextraction. By establishing a proper emulsion liquid membrane system, gallium is selectively extracted from the gallium leaching solution. In the scheme of the present disclosure, chosen factors are optimized through fractional fractorial design and central composite design so as to obtain an optimal processing scheme. The influences of gallium solution/emulsion volume ratio, extractant concentration, H.sub.2SO.sub.4 concentration, emulsion stirring duration and emulsion stirring speed on the gallium extraction rate are studied, and efficient enrichment of gallium is achieved. Besides, reproducibility of the emulsion liquid membrane is also studied, and after demulsification, the separated oil is used again for experiments, without obvious difference from newly prepared emulsion liquid membrane.

A method and system for reducing ion concentration of a solution and converting gas. The system comprising a multi-chamber unitary dialysis cell comprising a gas chamber, a product chamber, and an acid chamber. Ion exchange barriers separate the chambers of the dialysis cell. A first anion exchange barrier is positioned between the product chamber and the acid chamber and a first cation exchange barrier is positioned between the product chamber and the gas chamber. Anions from the solution being treated associate with cations from the acid chamber to form an acid solution in the acid chamber, and cations from the solution being treated associate with anions from the fluid comprising gas to form salt, thereby reducing the ion concentration of the solution being treated and converting at least a portion of the gas into salt.

A new apparatus, system and method to purified produced water and removed valuable metals and minerals is described. The apparatus comprises a device for flowing produced water wellbore from a wellbore to the produced water purification apparatus; at least one device to remove heavy metals from the produced water; at least one brine removal device to remove brine from the produced water. The method comprises steps to use the apparatus and the system comprises a control panel that operates the at least one device for removing heavy metals and at least one sensor in a coordinated manner.

A portable filtration system is described. The system may comprise: a mixing portion, comprising: a pump adaptor and a contaminant regulator. The pump adaptor may comprise: an upper plate, a lower plate, and a screen. The screen may axially extend between the upper and lower plates, wherein the upper plate, the lower plate, and the screen define a channel of a mixing chamber. The contaminant regulator may comprise a through-passage coupled to the upper plate, wherein the through-passage is in fluid communication with the mixing chamber.