A direct water purifier comprises: a first filter for filtering water flowing in through a first flow path; a second filter receiving, through a second flow path, and filtering the water filtered by the first filter; a first valve, provided on the second flow path; a pump, provided on the second flow path, for supplying, to the second filter, water at a water pressure equal to or greater than a preset water pressure; a third filter receiving, through a third flow path, and filtering the water filtered by the second filter; a second valve, provided on the third flow path, for decreasing a pressure in the flow path; a third valve, provided at a rear end of the second valve, for preventing a backflow of the water; and a heating unit receiving the water filtered by the third filter and heating the water to a preset temperature.

An apparatus for extracorporeal treatment of blood (1) has a supply line (2), a waste line (13) and an ultrafilter (19; 70) inserted in the supply line (2). An air inlet line is connected to the first chamber (21; 72) of the ultrafilter (19; 70) and a pressure sensor (41) configured for detecting pressure in the waste line (13). A controller (50) is configured to carry out, with the hydraulic circuit (100) in by-pass configuration, an integrity test procedure for detecting if the ultrafilter membrane has multiple or single fiber breaks. A method of testing the ultrafilter (19; 70) is also disclosed.

An apparatus that treats salt-containing water by reverse osmosis, in which the salt-containing water is separated into a permeate stream and a concentrate stream, includes an inlet for the salt-containing water; an outlet for the permeate; an outlet for the concentrate, and a reverse osmosis device, wherein the inlet and the outlets are integrated into a base unit adapted for installation in a positionally fixed manner, and the reverse osmosis device is an exchangeable unit detachably connected to the base unit.

A fuel cell humidifier may completely or substantially completely prevent condensate water from entering a running fuel cell stack. The fuel cell humidifier includes a housing; a plurality of hollow fiber membranes arranged in the housing; a cap which is coupled to one end of the housing and has an air discharge port for supplying humidified air to the fuel cell stack; and a bypass tube for transferring condensate water generated from the humidified air to an interior space of the housing through which a discharge gas flows, wherein a first end of the bypass tube is disposed inside the air discharge port, and the bypass tube is in fluid communication with the interior space of the housing through a second end of the bypass tube.

A turbocharger includes a turbocharger housing having an impeller housing comprising a circular cross-section. A main nozzle is disposed within the turbocharger housing communicating a first portion of a fluid stream to a first volute. A first auxiliary channel and a first auxiliary nozzle communicating a second portion of the fluid stream to the first volute. The first auxiliary nozzle is downstream of the main nozzle. A second auxiliary channel and a second auxiliary nozzle communicate a third portion of the fluid stream to the first volute. The second auxiliary nozzle is downstream of the first auxiliary nozzle. A valve assembly is selectively coupling the first auxiliary channel to the first auxiliary nozzle and the second auxiliary channel to the second auxiliary nozzle.

A method for selectively cleaning a flushable filter system that includes a first filter unit and a second filter unit each of which is configured to purify unpurified liquid into purified liquid, the method comprises the steps of: operating the flushable filter system such that one of the first filter unit and the second filter unit is cleaned, while the other of the first filter unit and the second filter unit produced the purified liquid that is used to back flush the one of the first filter unit and the second filter unit that is being cleaned.

The present invention relates to a fuel cell membrane humidifier which can actively control the flow rate of exhaust gas flowing from a fuel cell stack according to the output condition of a fuel cell. A fuel cell membrane humidifier according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a mid-case having an inlet through which wetting gas supplied from the fuel cell stack is introduced and an outlet through which the wetting gas is discharged; a cartridge disposed inside the mid-case and accommodating a plurality of hollow fiber membranes; a bypass space formed in the space between the mid-case and the cartridge; and an active blocking member for controlling the degree of opening of the bypass space according to the temperature of the wetting gas introduced through the inlet.

A hollow fiber membrane module includes one pressure vessel, and at least one hollow fiber membrane element loaded in the pressure vessel. Each of the element includes a plurality of hollow fiber membranes each having openings at both ends, a bypass tube, and a supply port and a discharge port provided on one end side in a longitudinal direction. The supply port is in communication with inflow-side openings of hollow fiber membranes. The bypass tube is provided in the longitudinal direction of the element, has an inflow port at an end portion on a side of outflow-side openings of the hollow fiber membranes, and has an outflow port at an end portion on a side of the inflow-side openings of the hollow fiber membranes. The outflow-side openings of hollow fiber membranes are in communication with the inflow port, and the outflow port is in communication with the discharge port.

A sanitary membrane cartridge for use in reverse osmosis filtering includes an outer housing, a central core tube, and a membrane leaf wound around the central core tube to form a cylindrical filter. The cartridge further includes a sealant layer disposed around the cylindrical filter to form a sealed filter, the sealed filter disposed within the housing. The sealant layer preferably has a surface roughness value, Ra, ranging from about 0.38 m to about 0.82 m. The cartridge further includes a brine seal, disposed between the sealant layer and the housing, having one or more notches formed on an outer diameter of the brine seal such that the feed flow through the notches allows bypass flow, between the sealant layer and the housing, of 1% to 25% of a total feed flow through the sealed filter.

A reverse osmosis system and method includes a feed pump pressurizing a feed stream, a first and second membrane array that generates permeate and brine streams. A first turbocharger uses first energy from the second brine stream to pressurize the first brine stream. A first and second auxiliary and bypass valves are associated with the first and second turbocharger. A second turbocharger uses second energy from the second brine stream to increase a second pressure of the feed stream. A first flow meter generates a first flow signal for the first permeate stream. A second flow meter generates a second flow signal for of the second permeate stream. A third flow meter generates a third flow signal for the second brine stream or the feed stream. A motor drives the first turbocharger or the feed pump. A controller controls the motor in response to the flow signals.