A reverse osmosis system may include a water supply, a filter, and a mixing member. The water supply is connected to a first water tube and a second water tube. The first water tube is connected to the filter, and the filter is connected to a drain pipe which is connected to a wastewater tank. The wastewater generated from the filter under reverse osmosis process can be discharged into the wastewater tank. The mixing member has a water inlet end, a water outlet end, and a wastewater inlet tube, which are communicated with each other, and the water inlet end of the mixing member is connected to the second water tube. When water flows through the mixing member, the negative pressure is generated to pump wastewater in the wastewater tank through the wastewater inlet tube into the mixing member, thereby achieving the effect of water saving.

A humidifying module for humidifying a fluid, such as an operating fluid of a fuel cell of a motor vehicle, is disclosed. The humidifying module includes a humidifier block including a plurality of first fluid paths through which a first fluid is flowable and a plurality of second fluid paths through which a second fluid is flowable. The plurality of first fluid paths and the plurality of second fluid paths in the humidifier block are fluidically separated from each other via a plurality of gas-tight and humidity-permeable membranes. A liquid separator is provided that is fluidically connected to one of the first fluid paths for flow-through with the first fluid and the second fluid paths for flow-through with the second fluid.

A concentration apparatus that includes a liquid tank storing a liquid containing a filtration object, a tubular member having first and second end portions disposed in the liquid tank and forming a first circulation flow path therebetween, a circulation pump for supplying the liquid stored in the liquid tank to flow from the first end portion to the second end portion, a filtration filter disposed in a sidewall of the tubular member, a bypass pipe having first and second ends thereof connected to sidewalls of the tubular member so as to form a second circulation flow path between the first and second end portions of the tubular member, a switching valve constructed to cause the liquid to flow in one of the first or second circulation flow paths, and a control unit controlling driving of the circulation pump and a switching operation of the switching valve.

A reverse osmosis system and method includes a pump pressurizing a feed stream, a first and second membrane array that generates permeate and brine streams. A first energy recovery device uses first energy from the second brine stream to pressurize the first brine stream. A first and second auxiliary and bypass valves are associated with the first and second energy recovery device. A second energy recovery device uses second energy from the second brine stream to increase a second pressure of the feed stream. A first flowmeter generates a first flow signal for the first permeate stream. A second flowmeter generates a second flow signal for of the second permeate stream. A third flowmeter generates a third flow signal for the second brine stream. A motor drives the first energy recovery device. A controller controls the in response to the flow signals.

A method and a system for improving mixing of content in a container 3 provided in a filter system 1, said method comprising providing a mixing loop 13 parallel to a recirculation flow path 11 of the filter system 1.

The present invention relates to a fuel cell membrane humidifier capable of preventing a humidification efficiency decrease caused by the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the membrane humidifier. The fuel cell membrane humidifier according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a middle case in which a module insertion part, including an outer partition wall formed spaced apart from an inner wall of the middle case, is formed; a cap case coupled to the middle case; a hollow fiber membrane module inserted into the module insertion part; and an active pressure buffer part that is formed between the middle case and the module insertion part and prevents the module insertion part from expanding due to the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the middle case, or resolves the pressure difference, according to the output status of the fuel cell.

A ceramic membrane filtration assembly includes a housing and a membrane assembly. The membrane assembly includes at least one membrane with channels therein. A first inner end cap device is disposed within the housing and is coupled with the membrane assembly. The housing has a bypass near an outer perimeter of the first inner end cap device, the first inner end cap device has an inner port, the inner port fluidly coupled with the channels of the membrane, where the bypass includes a space between the housing and the first inner end cap device. A first outer end cap device is coupled with the first inner end cap device; the first outer end cap device has a first port and a second port, where the first port is fluidly separate from the second port, and the first port is fluidly coupled with the inner port.

The present invention relates to a fuel cell membrane humidifier capable of improving humidification efficiency by performing two-stage humidification, and a fuel cell system comprising same. A fuel cell membrane humidifier according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a dry air supply means; a fuel cell membrane humidifier which performs two-stage humidification on the dry air supplied from the dry air supply means; a fuel cell stack for generating energy and humid exhaust gas by reacting the humidified air supplied from the fuel cell membrane humidifier with hydrogen; and a bypass flow path for bypassing a portion of the exhaust gas generated in the fuel cell stack. The fuel cell membrane humidifier comprises: a mid-case; a cap which is fastened with the mid-case and has a bypass inlet connected to the bypass flow path; a mixing humidifier which performs mixed humidification by mixing the dry air introduced through the cap and the exhaust gas introduced through the bypass inlet; and at least one cartridge which is disposed in the mid-case and accommodates a plurality of hollow fiber membranes that perform moisture exchange.

The present invention relates to a membrane humidifier for a fuel cell, which can prevent a decrease in humidification efficiency, caused by a pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the membrane humidifier. The membrane humidifier for a fuel cell, according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprises: a middle case having a module insertion part formed therein; a cap case coupled to the middle case; a hollow fiber membrane module inserted in the module insertion part; and an active pressure buffer part formed between the middle case and the module insertion part to prevent expansion of the module insertion part due to a pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the middle case or relieve the pressure difference according to output states of the fuel cell.

Disclosed is a hollow fiber membrane module. The hollow fiber membrane module includes a housing including a first fluid inlet, a first fluid outlet, a second fluid inlet and a second fluid outlet, and hollow fiber membrane bundles, each hollow fiber membrane bundle including a plurality of hollow fiber membranes, disposed within the housing so that a first fluid flows inside the hollow fiber membranes and a second fluid flows outside the hollow fiber membranes, and each hollow fiber membrane bundle further includes porous tubes having both ends closed and including a plurality of pores formed on the side surfaces thereof. The hollow fiber membrane module removes a region, into which a fluid flowing outside a hollow fiber membrane bundle has difficulty in permeating, thus allowing the fluid to uniformly flow. Therefore, even if hollow flow membranes are highly integrated, performance of the hollow fiber membrane module may be maximized.