A water treatment system is provided. The system includes a prefiltration unit for filtering the untreated water in fluid communication with a source of untreated water. The prefiltration unit produces a prefiltered water from the untreated water. A pump in fluid communication with the prefiltration unit can selectively increase the flow rate of the prefiltered water in a first line, the first line in fluid communication with a membrane element. The membrane element produces a permeate and a retentate from the prefiltered water, the permeate being imparted with a lower concentration of solutes than the retentate. A tank in fluid communication with the membrane element and the prefiltration unit stores prefiltered water from the prefiltration unit and the permeate from the membrane element. One or more valves regulate the flow of prefiltered water and the permeate, and one or more sensors can measure characteristics of the prefiltered water.

Components, systems, and methods for producing highly hydrophilitic, functionalized inorganic filtration membranes, pre-treating organic and biological-containing waste waters for minimal membrane fouling and scaling when processed using such functionalized membranes, and use of such functionalized membranes of the present invention in filtration systems for separating such pre-treated waste waters, all with respect to optimal permeate production rates, purity of permeate and resistance to fouling and scale formation on the membranes.

The present disclosure relates to biocide compositions, formulations and methods for using formulations. In particular the present disclosure relates to biocide compositions and their use in treating reverse osmosis membranes.

A desalination performance restoration agent for a cellulose acetate membrane contains: a solvent; and a modified polyvinyl alcohol mixed in the solvent. The modified polyvinyl alcohol has an acetyl group structure in at least part of polyvinyl alcohol.

Components, systems and methods for producing hydrophilitic, functionalized inorganic filtration membranes, pre-treating organic and biological-containing waste waters for minimal membrane fouling and scaling when processed using such functionalized membranes, and use of such functionalized membranes of the present invention in filtration systems for separating such pre-treated waste waters, all with respect to optimal permeate production rates, purity of permeate and resistance to fouling and scale formation on the membranes.

An electrochemical cell according to the present disclosure includes a casing provided with an inflow port and an outflow port, a bipolar membrane laminated body in which two or more bipolar membranes are laminated so as to be opposed, electrodes disposed so as to sandwich the bipolar membrane laminated body, and a first diffusion member disposed between the inflow port and the bipolar membrane laminated body, and provided with through holes communicating between the inflow port and the bipolar membrane laminated body. The first diffusion member is formed such that each of the through holes provided in a peripheral edge portion has a larger opening area than an opening area of the through holes provided in a central portion. This can uniformize a flow of water, so that water treatment can be efficiently executed.

Systems and methods for processing produced water containing organic compounds include a processing vessel; a filtration layer including a filtration material; and a cleaning system that provides a washing solution to the filtration material during a cleaning cycle. The filtration layer is configured such that at least a portion of produced water that enters the processing vessel during a processing cycle of the processing system passes through the filtration layer before leaving the processing vessel. The filtration material is a metal compound such as a metal hydroxide or a metal oxohydroxide that is substantially insoluble in aqueous solution. The washing solution includes a reagent capable of reducing the metal compound to a reduced compound soluble in aqueous solution while not decomposing the organic compounds. The organic compounds such as crude oil may be recovered from the filtration layer material after the cleaning cycle, and the filtration layer may be regenerated.

A fixed or mobile water treatment system comprises a primary screening tank that filters wastewater to remove inorganic and organic pollutants from the wastewater, and includes an electro-coagulation unit that provides an electrical charge to wastewater exiting the primary screening tank, ultraviolet light and oxidation processes in one or more settling tanks that remove pollutants from the wastewater, and one or more filters that remove pollutants from the wastewater.

The present invention relates to a method for preventing microbial growth on a filtration membrane during desalination process. The method comprises that the membrane is exposed to a low concentration of performic acid by continuously or intermittently introducing performic acid to the membrane surface. When performic acid is added according to the present invention to the water flow, there is no significant reduction in the water flux through the membrane.

The invention provides methods and compositions for the protection of a membrane from both biofouling and from damage caused by a biocide. The invention utilizes PAA as both a biocide and as a reducing agent for other oxidizing biocides. This is especially beneficial because without the invention one would be forced to choose between preventing membrane biofouling or preventing membrane damage from oxidizing biocides.