The present disclosure is related to porous media with adjustable fluid permeabilities and related systems and methods. In certain cases, the fluid permeability of a porous medium can be adjusted by applying an electrical potential to the porous medium. In some such cases, the application of the electrical potential to the porous medium results in the deposition of material over or the removal of material from the porous medium. Also disclosed herein are systems and methods for capturing species (e.g., acid gases) in which porous media with adjustable fluid permeabilities are used, for example, to control the flow of fluid into and out of a medium used to capture the species.

A substrate for a composite membrane includes a microporous polyolefin membrane for carrying a hydrophilic resin compound within the pores of the microporous membrane wherein: the average pore diameter is 1 nm to 50 nm; the porosity is 50% to 78%; the membrane thickness is 1 m to 12 m; and, when a mixed solution of ethanol and water (volume ratio 1/2) is dripped onto a surface of the microporous polyolefin membrane which has not undergone hydrophilization treatment, the contact angle 1 between the droplet and the surface is 0 to 90 degrees 1 second after the dripping, and the contact angle 2 between the droplet and the surface is 0 to 70 degrees 10 minutes after the dripping, and the rate of change of the contact angle ((12)/1100) is 10 to 50%.

A preparation method of a zeolite/polyimide composite membrane includes: synthesizing a zeolite-doped polyamic acid precursor casting solution by condensation polymerization synthesis; coating a substrate with the obtained casting solution, and obtaining a zeolite/polyamic acid composite porous membrane by non-solvent induced phase separation; and obtaining the zeolite/polyimide composite membrane by performing thermal imidization on the zeolite/polyamic acid composite porous membrane through gradient heating.

A method for producing human collagen structures with controlled characteristics, having the following stages: a) Tissue conditioning b) Pre-treatment; b1) final washings with distilled water; c) extraction by enzymatic hydrolysis by subjecting the tissue to a solution of acetic acid with pepsin; d) precipitation, where the resulting collagen solution is brought to a high concentration by adding sodium chloride and where the fibers recovered from the sieve are solubilized again in an acetic acid solution; e) dynamic dialysis to purify the solution from the excess of salt present in the collagen solution; f) lyophilization at 40 C. and a vacuum pressure of 0.04 mbar (4 Pa); g) molding or second lyophilization, where a concentration is chosen and collagen is solubilized in an acetic acid solution; once solubilized, collagen is placed in molds to generate the desired structure and once again, the solution is lyophilized; h) crosslinking, where the collagen pieces are subjected to a formaldehyde vapor atmosphere in a crosslinking apparatus and i) pressing, where the collagen structure is subjected to a mechanical force of 400-5000 N compacting to a value of 0.01-10 mm and increasing its fibrillar density.

The present application is related to a method for preparing a feeding instant Astragalus polysaccharide powder and an application thereof. The method includes the following steps: adding deionized water at 65 C. to a dreg of Astragalus membranaceus by water extraction and alcohol precipitation, controlling an alcohol volume fraction at 20%, stirring fully to dissolve the dreg, and after a dreg solution cools to room temperature, removing insoluble thermo-sensitive macromolecular proteins, polysaccharides and solid residues by centrifugation at 3500 revolutions per minute to obtain a clear supernatant. Ultrafiltration treatment is performed by hollow fiber membranes on the supernatant obtained after the centrifugation, and 10-100 kDa polysaccharide components are collected. A low-molecular-weight instant Astragalus polysaccharide powder with high immunocompetence is obtained through an interlayer cold air cooling spray drying process, and the content of active polysaccharide is more than 87%.

An efficient and low-energy ship CO.sub.2 capture-membrane desorption-mineralization fixation system, comprising a cooler, a fan, an absorption tower, a CO.sub.2-rich solution pump, a plurality of hollow fiber membrane contactors, and a CO.sub.2-lean solution pump, which are connected one by one to form a queue. The beginning of the queue is connected to a marine diesel engine, and the end of the queue is connected to the absorption power again. The hollow fiber membrane contactors are arranged in parallel. The present invention uses a CO.sub.2 mineralization fixation by seawater as the driving force for the regeneration of CO.sub.2 from the CO.sub.2-rich solution. This system and method can solve the problems existing in the existing ship CCUS technology with zero CO.sub.2 regeneration energy consumption, and easier and safer CO.sub.2 storage in the ocean.

This invention is directed to an aromatic material based free-standing film, a hybrid of organic crystalline materials and inorganic carbon nanomaterials, process of preparation and uses thereof. The film, which comprises a fibrous organic nanocrystals of an aromatic material, is mechanically and thermally stable. This film is optionally reinforced by hybridization with a reinforcement material, such as carbon nanotube, carbon material, a polysaccharide, a nanoclay a metal, metal alloy, or an organic polymer. The hybrid film of organic nanocrystals and carbon nanotubes (ONC/CNT) has high conductivity and high thermal stability. The films or hybrids of this invention are used as microfiltration membranes for various materials, in electrodes or perovskite solar cells.

Disclosed is a method of preparing a filtration membrane. The method includes providing a copolymer solution by dissolving a statistical copolymer in a mixture of a co-solvent and a first organic solvent, coating the copolymer solution onto a porous support layer to form a polymeric layer thereon, coagulating the polymeric layer on top of the support layer to form a thin film composite membrane, and immersing the thin film composite membrane into a water bath to obtain a filtration membrane. Also disclosed are a filtration membrane prepared by the method, and a process of filtering a liquid using the filtration membrane thus prepared.

A filter media comprises a layer of porous material having a patterned outer surface comprising a plurality of structures. Each structure in the plurality has at least a predetermined height based on an expected contaminant and spacing between each structure in a pair of structures in the plurality is at most a predetermined spacing based on the expected contaminant.

The present invention relates to a composite membrane comprising at least one 2D material and an inorganic porous material. The composite membrane described herein may be housed within a separation device which may be used for selective permeation of one or more gaseous compounds.