The application refers to process for production of a nano-microemulsion system of plant oil triglycerides, including: (i) preparing a dispersed phase plant oil triglyceride; (ii) preparing a carrier made from a mixture of propylene glycol monocaprylate and lecithin by a weight ratio of 5-6:1-1.5; (iii) adding the carrier to the dispersed phase by a weight ratio of 3-4:1-1.5, wherein the dispersed phase temperature is maintained between 60-100 C. while stirring under vacuum, followed by introduction of the whole mixture through the high-pressure microjet homogenizer; (iv) adding Tween 80 and Tween 60 to the solution mixture obtained in step (iii) by a weight ratio of 3-4:1-1.5:1-1.5, wherein the temperature of the dispersed phase is continuously maintained between 60-100 C. while stirring under vacuum; and (v) forming a nano-microemulsion system of plant oil triglycerides by cooling the mixture, followed by homogenization of the mixture by ultrasonication to achieve a droplet size of less than 100 nm, quality control of the resultant product by dissolution thereof in water and measurement of the transparency, in which if the required transparency is not met, continue to heat and measure the transparency until the required transparency is met, then stop the reaction, and emulsification of the mixture to obtain a nano-microemulsion system of plant oil triglycerides.

Provided in one implementation is a method that includes introducing a volume of raw material into a chamber of a cavitation machine. The raw material can include a mixture comprising a powder and a solvent. The powder can have a first average particle size in the raw material. The method includes applying a hydrodynamic cavitation process to the raw material to produce a product material. The powder can have a second average particle size, smaller than the first average particle size, in the product material. The method includes causing the product material to exit the cavitation chamber and drying the product material to remove the solvent. Apparatus employed to apply the method are also provided.

Emulsifier particles and methods for making and using same. The emulsifier particles can include an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of a carboxylic acid terminated fatty amine condensate, an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of a modified tall oil, or a blend of an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of a carboxylic acid terminated fatty amine condensate and an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of a modified tall oil. The emulsifier particles can have a BET specific surface area of about 0.3 m.sup.2/g to about 1 m.sup.2/g. The method for making the emulsifier particles can include reducing a size of an emulsifier solid via a mechanical attrition process to produce the emulsifier particles.

Provided in one implementation is a method that includes introducing a volume of raw material into a chamber of a cavitation machine. The raw material can include a mixture comprising a powder and a solvent. The powder can have a first average particle size in the raw material. The method includes applying a hydrodynamic cavitation process to the raw material to produce a product material. The powder can have a second average particle size, smaller than the first average particle size, in the product material. The method includes causing the product material to exit the cavitation chamber and drying the product material to remove the solvent. Apparatus employed to apply the method are also provided.

A cleaning apparatus (10) for a semiconductor substrate that cleans a semiconductor substrate by using ozone water, including cooling means (3) for cooling ozone water (W2) of 20 C. or more to a predetermined temperature, and cleaning means (4) for cleaning a substrate by using ozone water (W3) cooled by the cooling means (3). The cleaning means (4) has a cleaning tank (41) for cleaning the substrate by immersing the substrate in the ozone water (W3) cooled by the cooling means (3). According to a cleaning method using the semiconductor substrate cleaning apparatus (10), by immersing a semiconductor substrate in ozone water, organic substances, such as resist, and metal foreign materials remaining on the substrate surface are cleaned and removed, and the loss of substrate material in a cleaning step can be reduced.

Improving health and experience of a cosmetic product user, the robotic cosmetic mix bar of the present invention is disclosed. The robotic cosmetic mix bar allows the user to select safe ingredients tailored to their own unique hair and skincare goals. In one embodiment, the robotic cosmetic mix bar contains a robotic arm surrounded by a dispenser and multiple processing stations. Based on a user input indicating a type of cosmetic product and the ingredients to include in the cosmetic product, the robotic arm obtains the desired ingredients from the dispenser and, by transporting the ingredients from one processing station to another, the robotic arm facilitates the processing of the ingredients. The processing of ingredients can include boiling, cooling, mixing, whisking, blending, etc. Within approximately two minutes, the cosmetic product built according to the user specifications is delivered to the user.

A downhole tool includes a housing configured to be placed into a subterranean environment and a mixer disposed in the housing. The mixer includes a first inlet configured to receive a fusible metal or alloy component and a second inlet configured to receive a solid metal or semi-metal component. Additionally, the mixer includes a mixing chamber configured to mix the fusible metal or alloy component and the solid metal or semi-metal component to form a liquid or partially liquid alloy. Further, the mixer includes an outlet configured to discharge the liquid or partially liquid alloy into the subterranean environment. The liquid or partially liquid alloy is configured to harden into a solid alloy over time.

A method of preparing a boron nitride foam includes flowing a gaseous medium along a flow path; introducing into the flow path a flowable composition that includes boron nitride sheets, a suspending agent, and optionally a surfactant to foam the flowable composition in the flow path; outputting the foamed flowable composition from the flow path; and solidifying the outputted flowable composition to provide the boron nitride foam; wherein the boron nitride foam has a structure defined by a three-dimensional network of interconnected cells defined by cell walls, wherein the cell walls include the boron nitride sheets.

The invention relates to a method for preparing emulsions.

In order to create a new method for preparing emulsions, in which homogenous oil droplets as small as possible can be generated with an energy input as low as possible, it is proposed in the scope of the invention, that at least two liquid streams of liquids that cannot be intermixed with one another are pumped through separate openings with defined diameters, in order to achieve flow velocity of the liquid streams of more than 10 m/sec., and in that the liquid streams collide at a collision point in a space, wherein the resulting emulsion is discharged from the space through an outlet.

By the collision of the liquid streams with high flow velocities, in which a plate-shaped collision plate is formed in the collision point, a homogenous emulsion having an oil droplet size of less than 1 m is achieved due to the kinetic energy, which is accordingly very stable as well. No further energy input, such as shear forces, is required to that end.

Methods of forming a foam including a tobacco ingredient containing agent and/or an inhalable agent, an aerosol forming agent, a foam stabilizing agent, and a foam forming agent are provided, along with a foam produced by the methods, and foams with a certain aeration, for example of at least 4 vol. % based on the total volume of the foam.