An apparatus is provided for processing reusable fuel comprising: a continuous material supply assembly; a heated airlock feeder configured to continuously receive and process the material supply received therein; a reactor configured to receive the processed material from the heated airlock feeder; and a vapor refining system configured to process vapor supplied by the reactor. The apparatus may comprise a char disposal system configured to eliminate char from the reactor. The apparatus may also comprise a thermal expansion system configured to allow thermal expansion of the reactor. A cooling system may be configured to receive processed fuel from the reactor.

A device for gently and uniformly filling a tube, in particular a tubular reactor, with particulate filling material, in particular catalyst particles; wherein the device includes specially designed fall arrester elements and also comprises deflectors that reduce the wear of the fall arrester elements. Another aspect of the invention provides a method for filling a tube using these articles.

The invention relates to a process for treating a lignocellulosic biomass comprising a solids content of not more than 80% by weight, said process comprising the use of at least one reactor (9,14) for treating said biomass, in which the or at least one of said reactors is fed with biomass via a feed means (6,11) creating a pressure increase between the biomass inlet and the biomass outlet of said feed means, in which said feed means is washed by circulation of a washing fluid between a washing inlet (7,12) and a washing outlet (8,13). According to the process, at least a portion of the washing fluid (8,13) exiting the fluid outlet of the at least one feed means (6,11) is reintroduced into the washing inlet of the same feed means or of another of said feed means.

The invention relates to a pretreatment process for improving the filling of a chamber with solid particles, in which said solid particles are mixed before loading of said solid particles into the chamber with at least one lubricant that is solid at ambient temperature chosen from saturated fatty acids having 14 or more carbon atoms, metal salts of saturated fatty acids having 14 or more carbon atoms, esters of fatty acids having 14 or more carbon atoms, fatty alcohols having 14 or more carbon atoms, linear N-alkanes having 16 or more carbon atoms in solid form, fumaric acid, talc, sodium stearoyl fumarate, the lubricant being introduced at a content of between 0.01% and 1% relative to the total weight of the mixture of solid particles and lubricant. The invention also relates to the use of the process for the pretreatment of particles of adsorbents for the separation of xylenes.

The reaction rate of hydrocarbon pyrolysis can be increased to produce solid carbon and hydrogen by the use of molten materials which have catalytic functionality to increase the rate of reaction and physical properties that facilitate the formation and contamination-free separation of the solid carbon. Processes, materials, reactor configurations, and conditions are disclosed whereby methane and other hydrocarbons can be decomposed at high reaction rates into hydrogen gas and carbon products without any carbon oxides in a single reaction step. The process also makes use of specific properties of selected materials with unique solubilities and/or wettability of products into (and/or by) the molten phase to facilitate generation of purified products and increased conversion in more general reactions.

A naphtha reforming reactor system comprising a first reactor comprising a first inlet and a first outlet, wherein the first reactor is configured to operate as an adiabatic reactor, and wherein the first reactor comprises a first naphtha reforming catalyst; and a second reactor comprising a second inlet and a second outlet, wherein the second inlet is in fluid communication with the first outlet of the first reactor, wherein the second reactor is configured to operate as an isothermal reactor, and wherein the second reactor comprises a plurality of tubes disposed within a reactor furnace, a heat source configured to heat the interior of the reactor furnace; and a second naphtha reforming catalyst disposed within the plurality of tubes, wherein the first naphtha reforming catalyst and the second naphtha reforming catalyst are the same or different.

A method of installing a temperature measuring device inside a reactor tube while filling the tube with catalyst is provided. The method includes inserting a positioning system, including multiple inflatable bladders connected at a central location to a centering ring, into reactor tube, the reactor tube comprising a distal end and a proximal end. Then inserting a temperature measurement device into the centering ring. Locating the positioning system at a first predetermined distance from the distal end. Then inflating the multiple inflatable bladders, thereby centering the centering ring and the temperature measurement device within the SMR tube, and introducing catalyst into the SMR tube, thereby enclosing the temperature measurement device in catalyst.

A device for centering a temperature measurement device inside a tube reactor that will be filled with catalyst, including a single inflatable bladder mechanically and fluidically attached to a centering ring.

A method of installing a temperature measuring device inside a reactor tube while filling the tube with catalyst is provided. The method includes inserting a positioning system, including a single inflatable bladder connected at a central location to a centering ring, into a reactor tube, the reactor tube comprising a distal end and a proximal end. Then inserting the centering ring around the temperature measurement device. Then locating the positioning system at a first predetermined distance from the distal end, and inflating the single inflatable bladder, thereby centering the centering ring and the temperature measurement device within the SMR tube. Then introducing catalyst into the SMR tube, thereby enclosing the temperature measurement device in catalyst.

A device for centering a temperature measurement device inside a reactor tube that will be filled with catalyst, including multiple inflatable bladders mechanically and fluidically attached to a centering ring,