A method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream in a polymer production system, comprising (a) measuring a turbidity of the reactor feed stream, wherein the reactor feed stream comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system, and (b) translating the turbidity of the reactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in the reactor feed stream. A method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream in a polymer production system, comprising (a) measuring a turbidity of a precontactor feed stream, wherein the precontactor feed stream comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system, and (b) translating the turbidity of the precontactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in a precontactor effluent stream, wherein the precontactor effluent stream comprises the reactor feed stream.

A cold-wall reactor for suspension-bed hydrogenation includes a reactor body including a reaction product outlet, cold hydrogen gas inlet and feed inlet. The reactor body includes a housing, surfacing layer and thermal insulation liner. An inner lining cylinder is fixedly arranged inside the reactor body with an outlet connected with the reaction product outlet. A side wall of the inner lining cylinder and an inner side wall of the reactor body define a cavity serving as a first circulation channel. A second circulation channel is arranged on the inner lining cylinder side wall. The inner lining cylinder communicates with the first circulation channel through the second circulation channel. In suspension-bed hydrogenation, material temperature is more uniform, reaction efficiency is improved, materials coking is reduced, thermal insulation liner issues are prevented, and the temperature of the outer wall of the reactor body is lower than the temperature of the medium.

The invention relates to a process for the production of thermoplastic moulding compounds, in particular ABS, wherein at least a first reagent (11) and a second reagent (12) of the thermoplastic moulding compounds are fed to a gear pump (10) which comprises a housing and at least a first gear wheel that is rotatable relative to the housing about a first axis, and a second gear wheel that is rotatable relative to the housing about a second axis, wherein a loop conduit (29) is provided, and wherein the reagents (11, 12) are pressed in a loop through the loop conduit (29) and passing the gear wheels, whereby the reagents (11, 12) are dispersed to form a dispersion (15) in the gear pump (10). The invention also relates to a thermoplastic moulding compound that is produced by the inventive process.

The invention relates to a process for the production of thermoplastic moulding compounds, in particular ABS, wherein at least a first reagent (11) and a second reagent (12) of the thermoplastic moulding compounds are fed to a gear pump (10) which comprises a housing and at least a first gear wheel that is rotatable relative to the housing about a first axis, and a second gear wheel that is rotatable relative to the housing about a second axis, wherein a loop conduit (29) is provided, and wherein the reagents (11, 12) are pressed in a loop through the loop conduit (29) and passing the gear wheels, whereby the reagents (11, 12) are dispersed to form a dispersion (15) in the gear pump (10). The invention also relates to a thermoplastic moulding compound that is produced by the inventive process.

Disclosed is a solution polymerization process, or, alternatively, a method of delivering powder catalysts to a solution polymerization reactor, comprising combining a homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor with -olefin monomers to form a polyolefin, wherein the homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor is in the form of (i) a dry powder, (ii) suspended in a aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, or (iii) suspended in an oil or wax, wherein the homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor is at a concentration greater than 0.8 mmole/liter when suspended in the aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent prior to entering the solution polymerization reactor.

Disclosed is a solution polymerization process, or, alternatively, a method of delivering powder catalysts to a solution polymerization reactor, comprising combining a homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor with -olefin monomers to form a polyolefin, wherein the homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor is in the form of (i) a dry powder, (ii) suspended in a aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, or (iii) suspended in an oil or wax, wherein the homogeneous single-site catalyst precursor is at a concentration greater than 0.8 mmole/liter when suspended in the aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent prior to entering the solution polymerization reactor.

The present invention provides a catalytic cracking reactor comprising a conduit, configured to allow the passage of a flow of catalyst particles, and an injection zone comprising a ring of feed injectors extending inwardly from the wall of reactor and angled to inject feed into the flow of catalyst particles, characterised in that the reactor also comprises a contacting device protruding into the reactor from the inner wall of said reactor upstream of the injection zone.

The present invention provides a catalytic cracking reactor comprising a conduit, configured to allow the passage of a flow of catalyst particles, and an injection zone comprising a ring of feed injectors extending inwardly from the wall of reactor and angled to inject feed into the flow of catalyst particles, characterised in that the reactor also comprises a contacting device protruding into the reactor from the inner wall of said reactor upstream of the injection zone.

An exemplary hydrogen production apparatus 100 according to the present invention includes a grinding unit 10 configured to grind a silicon chip or a silicon grinding scrap 1 to form silicon fine particles 2, and a hydrogen generator 70 configured to generate hydrogen by causing the silicon fine particles 2 to contact with as well as disperse in, or to contact with or dispersed in water or an aqueous solution. The hydrogen production apparatus 100 can achieve reliable production of a practically adequate amount of hydrogen from a start material of silicon chips or silicon grinding scraps that are ordinarily regarded as waste. The hydrogen production apparatus thus effectively utilizes the silicon chips or the silicon grinding scraps so as to contribute to environmental protection as well as to significant reduction in cost for production of hydrogen that is utilized as an energy source in the next generation.

An exemplary hydrogen production apparatus 100 according to the present invention includes a grinding unit 10 configured to grind a silicon chip or a silicon grinding scrap 1 to form silicon fine particles 2, and a hydrogen generator 70 configured to generate hydrogen by causing the silicon fine particles 2 to contact with as well as disperse in, or to contact with or dispersed in water or an aqueous solution. The hydrogen production apparatus 100 can achieve reliable production of a practically adequate amount of hydrogen from a start material of silicon chips or silicon grinding scraps that are ordinarily regarded as waste. The hydrogen production apparatus thus effectively utilizes the silicon chips or the silicon grinding scraps so as to contribute to environmental protection as well as to significant reduction in cost for production of hydrogen that is utilized as an energy source in the next generation.